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HiFi Audio List

All R2R DACs

R2R DACs typically sound better to me across long listening sessions. Sometimes I want a bit less clarity and a bit more immersion, and that's what they offer.
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Julian Shapiro
ExtremeHiFi
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R2R DACs typically sound better to me across long listening sessions. Sometimes I want a bit less clarity and a bit more immersion, and that's what they offer.
Julian Shapiro
ExtremeHiFi Writer

Welcome

An R2R DAC converts with a ladder of precision resistors instead of the delta-sigma chip in almost every other converter. It is harder and more expensive to do well, and the people who prefer it describe a denser, more natural sound. The measurements are usually worse; the arguments about whether that matters never end. This is every R2R DAC in our database.

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Products on this list

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Aries Cerat
Kassandra Signature Limited Edition
100000
/
0
Reviews
The Kassandra Signature Limited Edition is our highest level in the Kassandra Series and completely redefines the status of digital replay. We believe the Kassandra DAC is currently one of the best audio sources available today and can only be matched by top analogue sources in timbre and musicality, but keeping well ahead in aspects of dynamic presentation and resolution.
Aries Cerat is a Cypriot maker of tube electronics and horn speakers, founded in 2010. Designer Stavros Danos started it as a speaker and electronics development company, and its electronics began as lab tools for that work. Every DAC in the range is an R2R ladder design with a tube output stage. The Symphonia is a 3-way horn speaker with a ribbon tweeter, a compression driver midrange and a tractrix bass horn, with 101 dB efficiency. The designs include user-adjustable bias, so owners can tune the sound to their system.
Expand Details

Video review

About the brand

Aries Cerat is a Cypriot maker of tube electronics and horn speakers, founded in 2010. Designer Stavros Danos started it as a speaker and electronics development company, and its electronics began as lab tools for that work. Every DAC in the range is an R2R ladder design with a tube output stage. The Symphonia is a 3-way horn speaker with a ribbon tweeter, a compression driver midrange and a tractrix bass horn, with 101 dB efficiency. The designs include user-adjustable bias, so owners can tune the sound to their system.
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Julian Shapiro
ExtremeHiFi Writer
Kassandra Signature Limited Edition
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MSB
Cascade
95000
/
2
Reviews
The Cascade DAC was born of an unwavering dedication to perfecting our craft, enabled by our enthusiasm for in-house design and vertically integrated manufacturing. This starts a new era—one built on twin foundations of innovation and experience. We began by reimagining the fundamentals of known DAC architectures from the ground up. Critical to the success of the Cascade DAC has been dividing the conversion process into three dedicated chassis and functions.
MSB Technology is an American maker of DACs and amplifiers, designed and built in-house in California. Its DACs use discrete ladder modules of its own design in place of off-the-shelf DAC chips. The circuit stays fully balanced down to the conversion point and usually ends in a direct-coupled output stage with no op-amps. Most units are modular, so owners can add or upgrade input and output modules later. The Discrete is the starting point. The Premier doubles the Discrete's DAC modules and adds an improved FemtoClock, and the Cascade adds a preamp with analog inputs.
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What reviewers think

Product Strengths

  • Smooth, natural sound signature with impressive depth in the 3D soundstage.
  • Allows music reproduction closest to a private performance in the listening room.
  • Delivers a natural, smooth, and organic sound, reproducing every detail with maximum resolution.
  • Exceptional clarity and black background of the sound.
  • Performs excellently even with lower-quality content because of its smooth, clean playback and three-dimensional soundstage.

Product Considerations

  • The price is far beyond the reach of most audiophiles.
  • Comes with only one digital module as standard.
  • For optimal performance, it's recommended to place the units on separate shelves.
  • The reviewer only tested it as a DAC and did not evaluate its functionality as a preamplifier or streamer.

Comparisons (according to reviewers)

  • Vs MSB Reference DAC—the Cascade represents a significant upgrade.

Takeaway: The MSB Cascade DAC sets new standards for sound quality and is a digital marvel, providing a unique and powerful listening experience. It offers incredibly smooth and natural sound, creating a live music sensation.

Video review

About the brand

MSB Technology is an American maker of DACs and amplifiers, designed and built in-house in California. Its DACs use discrete ladder modules of its own design in place of off-the-shelf DAC chips. The circuit stays fully balanced down to the conversion point and usually ends in a direct-coupled output stage with no op-amps. Most units are modular, so owners can add or upgrade input and output modules later. The Discrete is the starting point. The Premier doubles the Discrete's DAC modules and adds an improved FemtoClock, and the Cascade adds a preamp with analog inputs.
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Julian Shapiro
ExtremeHiFi Writer
Cascade
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Aries Cerat
Ianus Series Ithaka
84000
/
0
Reviews
The Ianus Series Ithaka Digital to Audio Converter mates our Triode Fet gain stage and completely redefines the status of digital replay. What if we used an evolved version of a SOTA digital engine, like the one used in our Kassandra LE, and "slap" an output stage based on our latest generation of the TriodeFet technology. Well we tried it… and ended with developing our newest digital source to come out of AC labs. The Ithaka is the result of our curiosity, about combining some of our technologies we are very proud of.
Aries Cerat is a Cypriot maker of tube electronics and horn speakers, founded in 2010. Designer Stavros Danos started it as a speaker and electronics development company, and its electronics began as lab tools for that work. Every DAC in the range is an R2R ladder design with a tube output stage. The Symphonia is a 3-way horn speaker with a ribbon tweeter, a compression driver midrange and a tractrix bass horn, with 101 dB efficiency. The designs include user-adjustable bias, so owners can tune the sound to their system.
Expand Details

Video review

About the brand

Aries Cerat is a Cypriot maker of tube electronics and horn speakers, founded in 2010. Designer Stavros Danos started it as a speaker and electronics development company, and its electronics began as lab tools for that work. Every DAC in the range is an R2R ladder design with a tube output stage. The Symphonia is a 3-way horn speaker with a ribbon tweeter, a compression driver midrange and a tractrix bass horn, with 101 dB efficiency. The designs include user-adjustable bias, so owners can tune the sound to their system.
Website author headshot
Julian Shapiro
ExtremeHiFi Writer
Ianus Series Ithaka
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CH Precision
C1.2 Mono
71813
/
3
Reviews
Digital signals carry stereo information in a single data stream. That means that we cannot follow our normal approach to scalable system architecture, using independent C1.2 DAC Controllers for left and right channels, as we have to have a single input connection. Instead, to deliver improved performance we retain the C1.2 input architecture but then split the digital information into left and right channels for routing to dedicated external DACs, with a single chassis for each channel. This allows us to retain the exceptional functional flexibility of the C1.2 and the scalability of the system, while delivering a genuinely significant upgrade in performance.
CH Precision is a Swiss maker of amplifiers, DACs and disc players, founded by Florian Cossy. Its products are modular, so owners configure each unit with option modules and can upgrade it later without replacing the whole component. Its amplifiers use ExactBias circuitry and a feedback ratio the owner can adjust to suit the speakers. Each 10 Series model, such as the M10 and L10, puts its power supply in a separate chassis, and the 1 Series includes the I1 integrated amplifier. The L1 is on our Best Preamplifiers list.
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What reviewers think

Product Strengths

  • Retains all the music's delicacy, refinement, and fluidity, being revealing without becoming clinical
  • Offers a wide and deep soundstage, is timbrally spot-on and very natural, well-focused, richly textured, and well-endowed in terms of transient attack and dynamic impact
  • Is significantly more revealing, without introducing any negative by-products, and is still the superbly musical and emotionally involving DAC that the C1 was, only better
  • Capable of being more discerning of differences in sources and source material

Product Considerations

  • Precise calibration is of paramount importance for any multi-bit DAC chip
  • Files played directly from the Swiss device have a slightly contoured character

Comparisons (according to reviewers)

  • The C1.2 is even more neutral and even more revealing than the C1, without sacrificing even the slightest hint of refinement, delicacy, fluidity, decay, or flow
  • The original C1 DAC has always sounded fuller and more sonorous than other CH Precision products, for instance, the L1 preamp, with the C1.2 upgrade, the DAC has become more neutral and now sounds more in line with the L1
  • The CH Precision device combines the opening of the sound with the lack of brightness better than the Ayon player
  • The CH Precision delivers recordings in an uncommonly precise manner than the Weiss DA502 D/A converter

Takeaway: The C1.2 is a DAC that retains all of its virtues while becoming more neutral and revealing, and it is still superbly musical and emotionally involving. It is worth buying because of the overall enhancement in audio quality.

Video review

About the brand

CH Precision is a Swiss maker of amplifiers, DACs and disc players, founded by Florian Cossy. Its products are modular, so owners configure each unit with option modules and can upgrade it later without replacing the whole component. Its amplifiers use ExactBias circuitry and a feedback ratio the owner can adjust to suit the speakers. Each 10 Series model, such as the M10 and L10, puts its power supply in a separate chassis, and the 1 Series includes the I1 integrated amplifier. The L1 is on our Best Preamplifiers list.
Website author headshot
Julian Shapiro
ExtremeHiFi Writer
C1.2 Mono
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Aries Cerat
Kassandra
60000
/
0
Reviews
We believe the Kassandra DAC is currently one of the best audio sources available today and can only be matched by top analogue sources in timbre and musicality, but keeping well ahead in aspects of dynamic presentation and resolution. While in the process of setting up and building the company, at the earliest stages, the need of a true SOTA source was mandatory. You cannot claim to build speakers that aim to be the absolute best, top amplifier designs and so on, if you do not have a true reference source. So the Kassandra was born…
Aries Cerat is a Cypriot maker of tube electronics and horn speakers, founded in 2010. Designer Stavros Danos started it as a speaker and electronics development company, and its electronics began as lab tools for that work. Every DAC in the range is an R2R ladder design with a tube output stage. The Symphonia is a 3-way horn speaker with a ribbon tweeter, a compression driver midrange and a tractrix bass horn, with 101 dB efficiency. The designs include user-adjustable bias, so owners can tune the sound to their system.
Expand Details

Video review

About the brand

Aries Cerat is a Cypriot maker of tube electronics and horn speakers, founded in 2010. Designer Stavros Danos started it as a speaker and electronics development company, and its electronics began as lab tools for that work. Every DAC in the range is an R2R ladder design with a tube output stage. The Symphonia is a 3-way horn speaker with a ribbon tweeter, a compression driver midrange and a tractrix bass horn, with 101 dB efficiency. The designs include user-adjustable bias, so owners can tune the sound to their system.
Website author headshot
Julian Shapiro
ExtremeHiFi Writer
Kassandra
Product Page
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Aries Cerat
Kassandra Signature
60000
/
0
Reviews
The Kassandra Signature is our two chassis version in the Kassandra Series and completely redefines the status of digital replay. We believe the Kassandra DAC is currently one of the best audio sources available today and can only be matched by top analogue sources in timbre and musicality, but keeping well ahead in aspects of dynamic presentation and resolution.
Aries Cerat is a Cypriot maker of tube electronics and horn speakers, founded in 2010. Designer Stavros Danos started it as a speaker and electronics development company, and its electronics began as lab tools for that work. Every DAC in the range is an R2R ladder design with a tube output stage. The Symphonia is a 3-way horn speaker with a ribbon tweeter, a compression driver midrange and a tractrix bass horn, with 101 dB efficiency. The designs include user-adjustable bias, so owners can tune the sound to their system.
Expand Details

Video review

About the brand

Aries Cerat is a Cypriot maker of tube electronics and horn speakers, founded in 2010. Designer Stavros Danos started it as a speaker and electronics development company, and its electronics began as lab tools for that work. Every DAC in the range is an R2R ladder design with a tube output stage. The Symphonia is a 3-way horn speaker with a ribbon tweeter, a compression driver midrange and a tractrix bass horn, with 101 dB efficiency. The designs include user-adjustable bias, so owners can tune the sound to their system.
Website author headshot
Julian Shapiro
ExtremeHiFi Writer
Kassandra Signature
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Totaldac
d1-sublime
48276
/
0
Reviews
The d1-sublime benefits from the new Totaldac "unity" DAC architecture, with about 680 components upgraded or added to the electronic boards. The d1-sublime is a new DAC and it also includes several accessories, so it becomes a 4-box DAC composed of: -2 monobloc DACs with live-clocking option (without live-clocking option before December 2024) -1 d1-digital-live reclocker (d1-digital-sublime before December 2024) -1 3-output large-box live-power power supply -a custom BNC clock cable -a remote control cable -a pair of Totaldac black AES-EBU cables
Totaldac is a French DAC maker that builds its converters from discrete R2R resistor ladders instead of DAC chips. The ladders use selected Vishay Bulk Metal Foil resistors, typically more than 100 per channel, and the range scales up by adding ladders. The d1-core uses the same resistors and FPGA as the higher models, and the d1-triunity has three ladders per channel. Reviewers hear the sound as natural and analog-like, with tonal density. Owners can add DSD playback and a bass boost as options, and the digital volume control can feed a power amplifier directly.
Expand Details

Video review

About the brand

Totaldac is a French DAC maker that builds its converters from discrete R2R resistor ladders instead of DAC chips. The ladders use selected Vishay Bulk Metal Foil resistors, typically more than 100 per channel, and the range scales up by adding ladders. The d1-core uses the same resistors and FPGA as the higher models, and the d1-triunity has three ladders per channel. Reviewers hear the sound as natural and analog-like, with tonal density. Owners can add DSD playback and a bass boost as options, and the digital volume control can feed a power amplifier directly.
Website author headshot
Julian Shapiro
ExtremeHiFi Writer
d1-sublime
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MSB
Premier
28186
/
5
Reviews
With four prime DACs, the Premier DAC produces an unmatched level of detail. It reproduces the musicality, soundstage, and texture of the original performance. This accuracy brings a maximum of the original performance to your listening room. A fully balanced, ultra-high precision, discrete ladder DAC architecture ensures that each note tells a story. Additionally, MSB's robust in-house design enables the finest quality playback of PCM and native DSD, while our low impedance circuitry drives your amplification directly without adding coloration or buffering noise.
MSB Technology is an American maker of DACs and amplifiers, designed and built in-house in California. Its DACs use discrete ladder modules of its own design in place of off-the-shelf DAC chips. The circuit stays fully balanced down to the conversion point and usually ends in a direct-coupled output stage with no op-amps. Most units are modular, so owners can add or upgrade input and output modules later. The Discrete is the starting point. The Premier doubles the Discrete's DAC modules and adds an improved FemtoClock, and the Cascade adds a preamp with analog inputs.
Expand Details

What reviewers think

Product Strengths

  • Another layer of resolution and openness compared to the Discrete
  • Natural sound
  • Flexible due to modular design
  • Connectivity options

Product Considerations

  • Expensive
  • Some reviewers found the remote control non-intuitive to use

Comparisons (according to reviewers)

  • Compared to the MSB Discrete DAC, the Premier provides another layer of resolution and openness—giving that other 90th percentile of detail and extreme resolution
  • Silence is not more silent than the Discrete; it produces a 'black' background from which music emerges, just like the Discrete
  • The Premier was that much more engaging to listen to than the Discrete
  • Compared to the Aries Cerat Kassandra II Reference DAC, the Premier's bass performance lacks the propulsive bass drive of the tube-based Aries Cerat
  • Compared to the aqua acoustic quality Formula xHD DAC, the Premier lacks the rendering of pitch and note-to-note pitch relationships in the bass of the Aqua
  • The Premier is more neutral than the Aries Cerat and the Aqua

Takeaway: The MSB Premier is a modular DAC that gives the user flexibility in terms of digital audio needs. It supports new formats and configurations to simply upgrade with a simple input change for better musical enjoyment through modules.

Video review

About the brand

MSB Technology is an American maker of DACs and amplifiers, designed and built in-house in California. Its DACs use discrete ladder modules of its own design in place of off-the-shelf DAC chips. The circuit stays fully balanced down to the conversion point and usually ends in a direct-coupled output stage with no op-amps. Most units are modular, so owners can add or upgrade input and output modules later. The Discrete is the starting point. The Premier doubles the Discrete's DAC modules and adds an improved FemtoClock, and the Cascade adds a preamp with analog inputs.
Website author headshot
Julian Shapiro
ExtremeHiFi Writer
Premier
Product Page
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Ypsilon
DAC-1000
25000
/
0
Reviews
The DAC1000 and DAC1000SE are no oversampling digital to analog converters. They have 6 inputs, Coax,BNC,AES and Optical capable of PCM 24/192 and USB and I2S through HDMI connector capable of PCM 24/384. The USB can accept also DSD music files from a computer or server up to DSD256 and convert them natively without converting to PCM.
Ypsilon is a Greek amplifier maker, formed in 1995. Its founders were two sound engineers with a background in live music. Its designs center on transformers wound in house, which handle volume control, coupling between stages and power supplies. Many circuits are hybrids, with tubes in the input and driver stages and MOSFETs at the output. The PST-100 MK2 preamplifier sets volume with a multi-tap transformer instead of resistors. The Phaethon suits owners who want one compact integrated amplifier with preamp functions built in, and the Set 100 Ultimate is a single-ended class A hybrid.
Expand Details

Video review

About the brand

Ypsilon is a Greek amplifier maker, formed in 1995. Its founders were two sound engineers with a background in live music. Its designs center on transformers wound in house, which handle volume control, coupling between stages and power supplies. Many circuits are hybrids, with tubes in the input and driver stages and MOSFETs at the output. The PST-100 MK2 preamplifier sets volume with a multi-tap transformer instead of resistors. The Phaethon suits owners who want one compact integrated amplifier with preamp functions built in, and the Set 100 Ultimate is a single-ended class A hybrid.
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Julian Shapiro
ExtremeHiFi Writer
DAC-1000
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Naim
ND 555
22999
/
4
Reviews
The ND 555 is a state-of-the-art streaming device that merges Naim's digital and analogue engineering expertise. It features a powerful 40-bit SHARC processor, a suspended brass sub-chassis, and Naim's best external power supply. The device is designed to deliver an unparalleled listening experience for music enthusiasts.
Naim's idea is one streaming platform shared from the entry-level Uniti Atom up to the flagship ND 555 player. The British company, founded in 1973, designs many components to be upgraded later, for example by adding an external power supply instead of replacing the unit. Oversized, lit volume knobs are a design signature across several lines. The Uniti Atom suits a small room or a second system, the Uniti Star adds CD playback and ripping, and the Mu-so 2nd Generation is on our Best Wireless Speakers list.
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What reviewers think

Product Strengths

  • Impressive clarity and dynamics
  • Exceptional rhythmic coherence
  • Offers compatibility with a vast range of digital sources, including Chromecast, Tidal, Qobuz, Spotify, internet radio, and Roon
  • Built around Naim's 'platform for the future,' enhancing performance and functionality
  • Convincingly full-bodied sound that studiously avoids sounding soft or polite
  • Ability to convey momentum brilliantly—with a confident handling of timing
  • Capable of outperforming most other players on the market, including CD players

Product Considerations

  • Requires a separate power supply (555 PS DR) to operate
  • The variable output is primarily intended for multiroom AirPlay functionality, and is not recommended for direct connection to a power amplifier
  • Setting up the ND555 requires careful attention to the quick start guide, especially regarding the transit screws
  • Initial power-up may result in harsh sound, requiring a burn-in period

Comparisons (according to reviewers)

  • Vs dCS Vivaldi, the Naim ND 555 offers more inner detail and dynamic contrast, while the dCS Vivaldi has more weight and a smoother top end
  • Vs Naim NDS, the ND 555 moves things along significantly, both in terms of flexibility and performance

Takeaway: The Naim ND 555 is a digital streaming source offering a direct, punchy, and organized sound. It is a flexible player, able to stream from various sources and to deliver impressive audio quality.

Video review

About the brand

Naim's idea is one streaming platform shared from the entry-level Uniti Atom up to the flagship ND 555 player. The British company, founded in 1973, designs many components to be upgraded later, for example by adding an external power supply instead of replacing the unit. Oversized, lit volume knobs are a design signature across several lines. The Uniti Atom suits a small room or a second system, the Uniti Star adds CD playback and ripping, and the Mu-so 2nd Generation is on our Best Wireless Speakers list.
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Julian Shapiro
ExtremeHiFi Writer
ND 555
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Totaldac
d1-triunity
23089
/
3
Reviews
The d1-triunity benefits from the new Totaldac "unity" DAC architecture, with about 290 components upgraded or added to the electronic boards. The d1-triunity is a d1-unity but with 3 R2R ladders per channel instead of one, giving a lower noise and the real scale of each instrument.
Totaldac is a French DAC maker that builds its converters from discrete R2R resistor ladders instead of DAC chips. The ladders use selected Vishay Bulk Metal Foil resistors, typically more than 100 per channel, and the range scales up by adding ladders. The d1-core uses the same resistors and FPGA as the higher models, and the d1-triunity has three ladders per channel. Reviewers hear the sound as natural and analog-like, with tonal density. Owners can add DSD playback and a bass boost as options, and the digital volume control can feed a power amplifier directly.
Expand Details

What reviewers think

Product Strengths

  • The d1-triunity DAC is praised for its ability to reflect the core characteristics of music with purism and vibrancy
  • The 'unity' architecture provides more presence, more contrast between the timbres and sizes of each instrument, more clarity, and at the same time more body and more dynamics—making the sound more realistic and natural
  • Offers a richer, sweeter, fuller sound and a more spacious presentation compared to the d1-unity
  • Achieves dynamic power, low-frequency depth, and punch with a skillfully engineered Class-A output stage providing double the voltage
  • Transmits detail and nuance without sounding etched or bright, and provides great tonality, especially with acoustic instruments

Product Considerations

  • The chassis is constructed from folded steel and the rear panel is of a thin gauge, which makes the external construction less substantial than some rivals
  • Maximum resolution of 24-bit/192 kHz without the optional DSD module might be a limitation

Comparisons (according to reviewers)

  • The d1-triunity brings improvements that make music sound more vibrant and alive, while offering a finer-grained view compared to the Totaldac d1-unity
  • The d1-triunity provides universal compatibility in terms of voltage output, and advances the sonic performance aspect compared to the Totaldac d1-direct

Takeaway: The d1-triunity is an impressive DAC that effortlessly handles music and makes it emotion-tugging with crystallizing quality. It offers remarkable musical insight without sacrificing speed and clarity, making it a worthwhile addition to any high-end audio system.

Video review

About the brand

Totaldac is a French DAC maker that builds its converters from discrete R2R resistor ladders instead of DAC chips. The ladders use selected Vishay Bulk Metal Foil resistors, typically more than 100 per channel, and the range scales up by adding ladders. The d1-core uses the same resistors and FPGA as the higher models, and the d1-triunity has three ladders per channel. Reviewers hear the sound as natural and analog-like, with tonal density. Owners can add DSD playback and a bass boost as options, and the digital volume control can feed a power amplifier directly.
Website author headshot
Julian Shapiro
ExtremeHiFi Writer
d1-triunity
Product Page
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Aries Cerat
Heléne
19000
/
2
Reviews
The Heléne is our smallest digital to analogue converter. Regardless, by DAC standards it is still quite a large device weighing in at 40 kilos. In designing the Heléne we held firm to the Aries Cerat philosophy of maximum performance first, other considerations second. Borrowing technology from the Kassandra Series, and with the addition of some tricks of it's own, the Heléne is a remarkable machine in it's own right, setting a new previously unreachable level of performance vs price ratio.
Aries Cerat is a Cypriot maker of tube electronics and horn speakers, founded in 2010. Designer Stavros Danos started it as a speaker and electronics development company, and its electronics began as lab tools for that work. Every DAC in the range is an R2R ladder design with a tube output stage. The Symphonia is a 3-way horn speaker with a ribbon tweeter, a compression driver midrange and a tractrix bass horn, with 101 dB efficiency. The designs include user-adjustable bias, so owners can tune the sound to their system.
Expand Details

What reviewers think

Product Strengths

  • Musically engaging and thoroughly lyrical DAC
  • Sounds rich and lush, even a little voluptuous with AES/EBU or S/PDIF inputs
  • Becomes tighter, faster, more open and articulate, and highly expressive while retaining its seductive qualities when using USB input
  • Provides a level of performance that is particularly hard to beat in its price class, especially when using the USB input
  • Absence of noise due to Nixie tubes

Product Considerations

  • Does not decode DSD, only converts PCM
  • Can be a little laid-back in terms of midrange expression with AES/EBU or S/PDIF inputs
  • If bass tightness is valued above all else, there may be better options

Comparisons (according to reviewers)

  • vs Accuphase E600 DAC board—the Heléne DAC excels in refinement, fluidity, and flow, whereas the Accuphase does well in pacing, articulation, and dynamics

Takeaway: The Heléne DAC is a musically engaging and thoroughly lyrical product that provides great performance, especially when using the USB input. It is a great option to consider if one is looking for a rich and lush sound.

Video review

About the brand

Aries Cerat is a Cypriot maker of tube electronics and horn speakers, founded in 2010. Designer Stavros Danos started it as a speaker and electronics development company, and its electronics began as lab tools for that work. Every DAC in the range is an R2R ladder design with a tube output stage. The Symphonia is a 3-way horn speaker with a ribbon tweeter, a compression driver midrange and a tractrix bass horn, with 101 dB efficiency. The designs include user-adjustable bias, so owners can tune the sound to their system.
Website author headshot
Julian Shapiro
ExtremeHiFi Writer
Heléne
Product Page
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Totaldac
d1-biunity
17579
/
0
Reviews
The d1-biunity benefits from the new Totaldac "unity" DAC architecture, with about 200 components upgraded or added to the electronic boards. The d1-biunity is a d1-unity but with 2 R2R ladders per channel instead of one, giving a lower noise and the real scale of each instrument.
Totaldac is a French DAC maker that builds its converters from discrete R2R resistor ladders instead of DAC chips. The ladders use selected Vishay Bulk Metal Foil resistors, typically more than 100 per channel, and the range scales up by adding ladders. The d1-core uses the same resistors and FPGA as the higher models, and the d1-triunity has three ladders per channel. Reviewers hear the sound as natural and analog-like, with tonal density. Owners can add DSD playback and a bass boost as options, and the digital volume control can feed a power amplifier directly.
Expand Details

Video review

About the brand

Totaldac is a French DAC maker that builds its converters from discrete R2R resistor ladders instead of DAC chips. The ladders use selected Vishay Bulk Metal Foil resistors, typically more than 100 per channel, and the range scales up by adding ladders. The d1-core uses the same resistors and FPGA as the higher models, and the d1-triunity has three ladders per channel. Reviewers hear the sound as natural and analog-like, with tonal density. Owners can add DSD playback and a bass boost as options, and the digital volume control can feed a power amplifier directly.
Website author headshot
Julian Shapiro
ExtremeHiFi Writer
d1-biunity
Product Page
Product Page
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Brand logo
MSB
The Discrete
12500
/
12
Reviews
The Prime DAC Module. With two prime DACs, we yield an unprecedented level of detail, reproducing the musicality, soundstage, and texture of an original performance, bringing the artist to you. A fully balanced, ultra-high precision, discrete ladder DAC architecture ensures each note tells a story. Additionally, MSB's robust in-house design enables the finest quality playback of PCM and native DSD, while our low impedance circuitry drives your amplification directly without adding coloration or buffering noise.
MSB Technology is an American maker of DACs and amplifiers, designed and built in-house in California. Its DACs use discrete ladder modules of its own design in place of off-the-shelf DAC chips. The circuit stays fully balanced down to the conversion point and usually ends in a direct-coupled output stage with no op-amps. Most units are modular, so owners can add or upgrade input and output modules later. The Discrete is the starting point. The Premier doubles the Discrete's DAC modules and adds an improved FemtoClock, and the Cascade adds a preamp with analog inputs.
Expand Details

What reviewers think

Product Strengths

  • High build quality, with the case milled from a single block of aluminum
  • Modular design allows for repairability and upgradability
  • Delivers a 'clean' analogue output, offering more instrument separation and a leaner edge to the music
  • Excellent detail retrieval and transparency, allowing for a real insight into the makeup of a track
  • Strong sense of timing, bringing a sense of 'rightness' to rhythm tracks

Product Considerations

  • No analogue inputs unless going up the MSB food chain
  • Cost increases significantly with optional second power supply, which is preferred by reviewers
  • The display is limited and not especially informative
  • The Black case finish marks easily
  • One minor inconvenience with the external power supply is that it has a relatively short connecting cable

Takeaway: The MSB Discrete DAC is a well-built and modular DAC that provides detailed and transparent sound, creating a wide soundstage that is true to the original recording. It is a good option for audiophiles looking for a high-quality DAC with upgrade options.

Video review

About the brand

MSB Technology is an American maker of DACs and amplifiers, designed and built in-house in California. Its DACs use discrete ladder modules of its own design in place of off-the-shelf DAC chips. The circuit stays fully balanced down to the conversion point and usually ends in a direct-coupled output stage with no op-amps. Most units are modular, so owners can add or upgrade input and output modules later. The Discrete is the starting point. The Premier doubles the Discrete's DAC modules and adds an improved FemtoClock, and the Cascade adds a preamp with analog inputs.
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The Discrete
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Totaldac
d1-unity
12069
/
4
Reviews
The d1-unity benefits from the new Totaldac "unity" DAC architecture, with about 150 components upgraded or added to the electronic boards. The "unity" architecture allows a better clock distribution, a lower jitter, a lower R2R power supply rail impedance and a lower noise in the digital section. The R2R ladder resistors are still the famous naked Vishay foil.
Totaldac is a French DAC maker that builds its converters from discrete R2R resistor ladders instead of DAC chips. The ladders use selected Vishay Bulk Metal Foil resistors, typically more than 100 per channel, and the range scales up by adding ladders. The d1-core uses the same resistors and FPGA as the higher models, and the d1-triunity has three ladders per channel. Reviewers hear the sound as natural and analog-like, with tonal density. Owners can add DSD playback and a bass boost as options, and the digital volume control can feed a power amplifier directly.
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What reviewers think

Product Strengths

  • Surprisingly technical, with resolution on par or better than anything else heard at its price point
  • Conveys the time of music extremely well, notably with exceptional leading-edge portrayal and high resolution/micro dynamics
  • Offers excellent timbre
  • The internal streamer presented better clarity in the bass

Product Considerations

  • With signals above PCM 24 bits and 192 kHz, the converter down-samples the signals
  • DSD signal is converted internally to a PCM signal, since the R2R resistor ladder is a 24-bit circuit
  • Treble compensation may be needed for optimal sound, or to lower excessive treble energy

Comparisons (according to reviewers)

  • Versus Totaldac d1-tube DAC/Streamer, the d1-unity offers greater clarity, voice, and impact, providing a more fully resolved picture
  • Versus Mola Mola Tambaqui DAC, the d1-unity offers more body, tone, and texture, whereas the Mola Mola emphasizes upper frequencies a bit more
  • Matches the resolution and dynamic presentation of the Chord Dave
  • The internal streamer is marginally better than the Sonore Optical Rendu

Takeaway: The d1-unity is a good option for those seeking an engaging and high-resolution digital source. It is especially suited for listeners who appreciate a physical and vibrant presentation of music.

Video review

About the brand

Totaldac is a French DAC maker that builds its converters from discrete R2R resistor ladders instead of DAC chips. The ladders use selected Vishay Bulk Metal Foil resistors, typically more than 100 per channel, and the range scales up by adding ladders. The d1-core uses the same resistors and FPGA as the higher models, and the d1-triunity has three ladders per channel. Reviewers hear the sound as natural and analog-like, with tonal density. Owners can add DSD playback and a bass boost as options, and the digital volume control can feed a power amplifier directly.
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d1-unity
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SW1X
DAC II Balanced Special
10825
/
0
Reviews
The Balanced Special version is a top of the line & very special DAC II: it is the fusion of the DAC II Balanced and the DAC IV Special. This version shares the digital side of the DAC II Balanced, employes an active I/V conversions stage and borrows the 6V6 power tube output stage from the DAC IV. The 6V6 power tube output stage is de-coupled by a signal output transformer (OPT) de-coupled power tube output stage driven by the active I/V conversion stage for an even more dynamic bite.
SW1X Audio Design is a British maker of tube hifi equipment, led by founder Dr. Slawa Roschkow. Everything is designed and hand assembled at its factory in Essex. The company began with DACs built on TDA1543 and TDA1541 chips, and its DACs remain non-oversampling, with tube output stages and no digital filters. The range has since grown to amplifiers, phono stages, transports and horn loudspeakers. Most products come in several versions with different wiring and capacitor choices, so owners can tune the sound to their system. The DAC I is the compact entry point.
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Video review

About the brand

SW1X Audio Design is a British maker of tube hifi equipment, led by founder Dr. Slawa Roschkow. Everything is designed and hand assembled at its factory in Essex. The company began with DACs built on TDA1543 and TDA1541 chips, and its DACs remain non-oversampling, with tube output stages and no digital filters. The range has since grown to amplifiers, phono stages, transports and horn loudspeakers. Most products come in several versions with different wiring and capacitor choices, so owners can tune the sound to their system. The DAC I is the compact entry point.
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Julian Shapiro
ExtremeHiFi Writer
DAC II Balanced Special
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Denafrips
Terminator Plus 15th
7609
/
1
Reviews
Denafrips is a Chinese DAC maker, founded in 2012, at the forefront of the current interest in R-2R ladder DACs, which convert with arrays of hand-picked precision resistors. The higher models add low-phase-noise clocks, box-in-box power supplies and stronger jitter suppression. The sound is described as smooth and organic, and the DACs compete with converters costing several times more. The range climbs from the Erato and Enyo through the Ares and Pontus to the Terminator, and Holo Audio is the usual comparison.
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What reviewers think

Product Strengths

  • Top-notch build quality and impressive part selection.
  • Noise and distortion-free performance with a black background.
  • Holographic, open, and wide soundstage with impressive depth, layering, and imaging.
  • Full-bodied, organic, and natural sound with a warmer tonality.
  • Covers the frequency response in full, without roll-offs.

Product Considerations

  • Only a DAC—lacking preamp functionalities or a remote control.
  • Not the most detailed sounding unit in its stock form.
  • Not the fastest sounding unit in its stock form.
  • Denafrips GAIA is a must-have upgrade to squeeze the absolute best out of it.

Comparisons (according to reviewers)

  • Terminator Plus terminates other R-2R dacs like Denafrips Venus, Audio-gd R7 and Musician Aquarius.
  • Terminator Plus delivers a clearer, punchier, and faster overall performance than Matrix Audio Element X and Gustard X26 PRO.
  • Terminator Plus was just by a hair smoother and considerably more impactful than Gold Note DS-10 Plus.
  • Terminator Plus added a much-needed weight and punch in the lowest octaves compared to Denafrips Venus or Ares.
  • Terminator Plus was adding a lot more meat on their bones than SMSL DO200 and Gustard X18.

Takeaway: The Denafrips Terminator Plus is an impressively built DAC that offers an emotional and engaging listening experience with its open soundstage and natural sound, making it easy to enjoy your music. It brings a level of realism and impact that can make your system sound its best.

Video review

About the brand

Denafrips is a Chinese DAC maker, founded in 2012, at the forefront of the current interest in R-2R ladder DACs, which convert with arrays of hand-picked precision resistors. The higher models add low-phase-noise clocks, box-in-box power supplies and stronger jitter suppression. The sound is described as smooth and organic, and the DACs compete with converters costing several times more. The range climbs from the Erato and Enyo through the Ares and Pontus to the Terminator, and Holo Audio is the usual comparison.
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Julian Shapiro
ExtremeHiFi Writer
Terminator Plus 15th
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Denafrips
Terminator 15th
6099
/
0
Reviews
The TERMINATOR 15th redefines the boundaries of Denafrips' flagship DAC, featuring direct FPGA signal processing, optimized critical circuitry, OCXO FIFO buffer & reclocking, 24-bit/192kHz DSD1024 True NOS, and master clock eco-system.
Denafrips is a Chinese DAC maker, founded in 2012, at the forefront of the current interest in R-2R ladder DACs, which convert with arrays of hand-picked precision resistors. The higher models add low-phase-noise clocks, box-in-box power supplies and stronger jitter suppression. The sound is described as smooth and organic, and the DACs compete with converters costing several times more. The range climbs from the Erato and Enyo through the Ares and Pontus to the Terminator, and Holo Audio is the usual comparison.
Expand Details

What reviewers think

Video review

About the brand

Denafrips is a Chinese DAC maker, founded in 2012, at the forefront of the current interest in R-2R ladder DACs, which convert with arrays of hand-picked precision resistors. The higher models add low-phase-noise clocks, box-in-box power supplies and stronger jitter suppression. The sound is described as smooth and organic, and the DACs compete with converters costing several times more. The range climbs from the Erato and Enyo through the Ares and Pontus to the Terminator, and Holo Audio is the usual comparison.
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Julian Shapiro
ExtremeHiFi Writer
Terminator 15th
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SMSL
VMV D3
3499
/
1
Reviews
The VMV D3 is an advanced R-2R chip Audio DAC featuring 4 pieces of legendary R-2R chip PCM1704U-J from BB, with 2 pieces per channel in a fully balanced design to maximize chip performance.
SMSL's idea is very low noise and distortion at modest prices, using chips such as the ES9039Q2M DAC and Infineon's MERUS class D amplifiers. The Chinese company was founded in Shenzhen in 2009 and builds its products at its Foshan factory. Reviewers often describe its DACs as neutral and detailed. The AO series amplifiers build in a USB DAC, Bluetooth and a subwoofer output, so one box plays from a computer or phone and feeds a subwoofer. Nearly the whole range sells for under $1,000, and the DO300 is on our Best DACs list.
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What reviewers think

Video review

About the brand

SMSL's idea is very low noise and distortion at modest prices, using chips such as the ES9039Q2M DAC and Infineon's MERUS class D amplifiers. The Chinese company was founded in Shenzhen in 2009 and builds its products at its Foshan factory. Reviewers often describe its DACs as neutral and detailed. The AO series amplifiers build in a USB DAC, Bluetooth and a subwoofer output, so one box plays from a computer or phone and feeds a subwoofer. Nearly the whole range sells for under $1,000, and the DO300 is on our Best DACs list.
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VMV D3
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AURALiC
Altair G2.1
2439
/
11
Reviews
ALTAIR G2.1, an all-encompassing digital and analog source component, provides abundant capabilities to the performance-oriented G2.1 Series. Combining every function available from AURALiC into the ultra-quiet G2.1 chassis, ALTAIR G2.1 is perfect for the most demanding music lover. Whether it's a high-res title from an online streaming service, a file on a NAS drive, or an LP on a turntable, ALTAIR G2.1 will deliver exquisitely rendered, dynamic music, from almost any source.
AURALiC makes network streamers and DACs, all controlled with its own Lightning DS app. Its DACs use the company's Fusion technology, which adds custom clocking, filtering and oversampling to ESS chips, and many models use dual chassis, copper shielding and careful power supply design to keep noise down. The Aries streamers feed a DAC the owner already has, the Vega DACs add ORFEO Class A output modules, and the Altair combines streaming and a DAC in one box for owners new to network audio. The Aries S1 is on our Best Music Streamers list.
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What reviewers think

Product Strengths

  • Solid digital sound, good authority, solid bass, and a weighty sound with good scale
  • Excellent clarity, very good timing, and a very good soundstage
  • Outstanding build quality—solidly made and near indestructible
  • Versatile unit that can become the hub of the digital audio world
  • Clean and effortless digital processing
  • Connectivity options

Product Considerations

  • The Lightning DS app is only available for iOS
  • The 4-inch non-touch screen is adequate, but not exceptional
  • When written instructions feature on the screen, the words can be small and difficult to see
  • The alphabetical order of the albums is not followed when used with an external hard drive
  • Some reviewers felt a need for a high-end turntable setup, as the analog input feeds directly to the analog output stage—bypassing the digital stage altogether

Comparisons (according to reviewers)

  • Vs NAD M10 V2: The Altair offers a step up in sound quality
  • Vs AURALiC Aries G1: The Altair G2.1 chassis is a significant upgrade with an internal copper sub-chassis, tuned feet, and a solid steel base

Takeaway: The AURALiC Altair G2.1 is a versatile and well-built streaming DAC preamplifier that offers a clean and detailed sound. Comprehensive features and excellent sound quality make it a great choice for audiophiles looking for an all-in-one solution.

Video review

About the brand

AURALiC makes network streamers and DACs, all controlled with its own Lightning DS app. Its DACs use the company's Fusion technology, which adds custom clocking, filtering and oversampling to ESS chips, and many models use dual chassis, copper shielding and careful power supply design to keep noise down. The Aries streamers feed a DAC the owner already has, the Vega DACs add ORFEO Class A output modules, and the Altair combines streaming and a DAC in one box for owners new to network audio. The Aries S1 is on our Best Music Streamers list.
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Schiit
Yggdrasil
2299
/
13
Reviews
Forget everything you know about DACs. Yggdrasil+'s unique True Multibit™ architecture combines integrated multibit D/A converters with a proprietary time- and frequency-domain optimized digital filter. Together with the convenience of remote control, switchable NOS mode, and a fully modular platform, Yggdrasil+ gives you the best performance now—and in the future.
Schiit is where a lot of people buy their first serious headphone amplifier or DAC. The American company, started in a garage in 2010, sells direct, builds everything in the United States, and keeps most of its range under $1,000. Many of its products are modular, with DAC and USB boards that can be swapped for newer ones without replacing the whole unit. The Magni amplifier and Modi DAC are the classic first stack, the Yggdrasil is the flagship DAC, and the company's humorous, plain-spoken voice has built an unusually loyal following.
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What reviewers think

Product Strengths

  • Rare ability to reproduce acoustic music, on a level with some of the best DACs.
  • Modular design allows for a significant degree of future-readiness and upgradability.
  • Instrument timbre is presented evenly, providing more musical data from instrumental tones to overtones, attacks—and decays.
  • Clear sonic details without brightness, especially in the upper registers, result in a sound that is right.

Product Considerations

  • Audible ticks and clicks may occur, although they do not affect the music and only occur during pauses or between tracks.
  • A full-sized component, which may be a concern for those with limited space.
  • Some perceive the Yggdrasil Less is More's presentation as sonically balanced and more evenly sorted per the recording, at the cost of the energy that presents a recording in ways emphasizing certain things in a recording.
  • Sound differences between the different versions are nuanced and much harder to detect.

Comparisons (according to reviewers)

  • Vs Benchmark DAC3 HGC: The reviewer prefers the Yggdrasil over the Benchmark, but notes that the Benchmark is relentlessly accurate to the signal it receives.
  • Vs iFi Audio Pro iDSD Signature: The Yggy is slightly more detailed, slightly less warm, and also better dynamically.

Takeaway: The Schiit Yggdrasil is a well-regarded DAC known for its ability to reproduce music and its upgradability, making it a potentially smart choice for audiophiles. Different versions cater to different preferences, so doing some research is important.

Video review

About the brand

Schiit is where a lot of people buy their first serious headphone amplifier or DAC. The American company, started in a garage in 2010, sells direct, builds everything in the United States, and keeps most of its range under $1,000. Many of its products are modular, with DAC and USB boards that can be swapped for newer ones without replacing the whole unit. The Magni amplifier and Modi DAC are the classic first stack, the Yggdrasil is the flagship DAC, and the company's humorous, plain-spoken voice has built an unusually loyal following.
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Julian Shapiro
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Yggdrasil
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Denafrips
Pontus 15th
2019
/
3
Reviews
Pontus 15TH has achieved an unprecedented breakthrough in audio quality. Employing advanced audio enhancement technologies, it delivers sound that is even more nuanced, profound, and layered. This is not merely a simple upgrade; it represents a profound challenge and transcendence of traditional audio perceptions, offering audio enthusiasts an unparalleled auditory feast.
Denafrips is a Chinese DAC maker, founded in 2012, at the forefront of the current interest in R-2R ladder DACs, which convert with arrays of hand-picked precision resistors. The higher models add low-phase-noise clocks, box-in-box power supplies and stronger jitter suppression. The sound is described as smooth and organic, and the DACs compete with converters costing several times more. The range climbs from the Erato and Enyo through the Ares and Pontus to the Terminator, and Holo Audio is the usual comparison.
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What reviewers think

Product Strengths

  • Flawless build quality and built like a tank with an all-metal body and tactile buttons
  • Delivers a linear presentation and keeps the soul of the music intact, sounds inviting, smooth, and transparent
  • Provides an open, deep, and wide soundstage
  • Excels in micro detail and nuanced sound and airiness with excellent clear vocals
  • Is an upgrade from the original Pontus and provides better layering
  • Offers great connectivity with all the digital inputs needed, including I2S

Product Considerations

  • Denafrips makes incremental changes, which can be annoying if a newer version is released soon after purchase
  • Does not include a remote, and one must be purchased separately
  • May be a little bright for a lean or bright sound system, it is best in a neutral to warm system
  • There is no middleman/distributor anymore, which may mean loss of personal touch from customer to the company—especially with warranty issues

Takeaway: The Pontus 15th Anniversary Edition is a well-built DAC that delivers a refined and detailed sound with a wide soundstage, making it a great choice if you have a warm or neutral system that needs some sparkle. It has excellent connectivity options.

Video review

About the brand

Denafrips is a Chinese DAC maker, founded in 2012, at the forefront of the current interest in R-2R ladder DACs, which convert with arrays of hand-picked precision resistors. The higher models add low-phase-noise clocks, box-in-box power supplies and stronger jitter suppression. The sound is described as smooth and organic, and the DACs compete with converters costing several times more. The range climbs from the Erato and Enyo through the Ares and Pontus to the Terminator, and Holo Audio is the usual comparison.
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Julian Shapiro
ExtremeHiFi Writer
Pontus 15th
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Schiit
Yggdrasil+ GS2
1699
/
0
Reviews
Always wanted an Yggdrasil, but didn't like the price? Welcome to Yggdrasil GS2, a new Yggdrasil+ that uses re-purposed Analog 1 cards and a Gen 5 USB card to slash the entry price to $1699!
Schiit is where a lot of people buy their first serious headphone amplifier or DAC. The American company, started in a garage in 2010, sells direct, builds everything in the United States, and keeps most of its range under $1,000. Many of its products are modular, with DAC and USB boards that can be swapped for newer ones without replacing the whole unit. The Magni amplifier and Modi DAC are the classic first stack, the Yggdrasil is the flagship DAC, and the company's humorous, plain-spoken voice has built an unusually loyal following.
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Video review

About the brand

Schiit is where a lot of people buy their first serious headphone amplifier or DAC. The American company, started in a garage in 2010, sells direct, builds everything in the United States, and keeps most of its range under $1,000. Many of its products are modular, with DAC and USB boards that can be swapped for newer ones without replacing the whole unit. The Magni amplifier and Modi DAC are the classic first stack, the Yggdrasil is the flagship DAC, and the company's humorous, plain-spoken voice has built an unusually loyal following.
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Julian Shapiro
ExtremeHiFi Writer
Yggdrasil+ GS2
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Schiit
Gungnir 2
1599
/
1
Reviews
Gungnir 2's all-new Multiform™ balanced multibit architecture is just the start. Add two USB inputs, including new high-rate Unison 384™, and a completely modular design that debuts Forkbeard™, our unique, patent-pending, multi-product remote interface, and you have a DAC that resets everything you know about digital audio.
Schiit is where a lot of people buy their first serious headphone amplifier or DAC. The American company, started in a garage in 2010, sells direct, builds everything in the United States, and keeps most of its range under $1,000. Many of its products are modular, with DAC and USB boards that can be swapped for newer ones without replacing the whole unit. The Magni amplifier and Modi DAC are the classic first stack, the Yggdrasil is the flagship DAC, and the company's humorous, plain-spoken voice has built an unusually loyal following.
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What reviewers think

Product Strengths

  • Smoother and clearer sound compared to the Gungnir 1
  • More depth in sound and good separation between foreground, middle ground, and background elements of the music
  • Punchier bass compared to other products
  • Wider and deeper soundstage compared to other products
  • Creates an emotional connection to the music

Product Considerations

  • The Gungnir 1 Analog 2 has a flatter sound
  • The Iggy OG has sharp and nasty highs
  • The Iggy OG had a veil to it

Comparisons (according to reviewers)

  • Vs. Gungnir 1—the Gungnir 2 is smoother, clearer, and has more depth
  • Vs. Denafrips Yggdrasil—the Gungnir 2 has punchier bass, while the Denafrips Yggdrasil has more present low and sub bass

Takeaway: The Gungnir 2 offers an emotionally engaging and sonically superior experience. For those seeking enhanced clarity, punchier bass, and a deeper soundstage, the Gungnir 2 could be an ideal upgrade.

Video review

About the brand

Schiit is where a lot of people buy their first serious headphone amplifier or DAC. The American company, started in a garage in 2010, sells direct, builds everything in the United States, and keeps most of its range under $1,000. Many of its products are modular, with DAC and USB boards that can be swapped for newer ones without replacing the whole unit. The Magni amplifier and Modi DAC are the classic first stack, the Yggdrasil is the flagship DAC, and the company's humorous, plain-spoken voice has built an unusually loyal following.
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Julian Shapiro
ExtremeHiFi Writer
Gungnir 2
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Orchard Audio
PecanPi+ Premium
1499
/
19
Reviews
Precision-engineered to deliver an exquisite audio experience, the PecanPi+ Streamer Premium transforms your listening space into a sonic haven. Designed using the switched resistor flagship DAC chip (AK4499EXEQ) from AKM, this streamer ensures a level of detail and clarity that transcends expectations, capturing every nuance of your favorite music with astonishing detail.
Orchard Audio is an American maker of amplifiers, DACs and streamers, started in 2017 by Leo Ayzenshtat, who first designed a system for his own house. The company designs purely to measurements and says its products have no voicing. The Starkrimson amplifiers are Class D designs built on gallium nitride (GaN) transistors, which let the designs run cool with very wide bandwidth. Its modules are also sold separately for people who build their own gear. Owners can upgrade existing units, for example moving a Starkrimson Stereo Ultra 2.5 to the DMC version.
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What reviewers think

Product Strengths

  • Very detailed, open, and neutral sound with great clarity and clean background, improving balance considerably
  • Employs high-quality components including the AKM Velvetsound Verita 4499EXEQ DAC chip and AK4191EQ delta-sigma modulator, resulting in crisp and detailed sound
  • Provides excellent dynamics and separation of instruments
  • Represents a solid value, and the price-to-performance ratio is hard to beat
  • Offers versatile functionality as both a streamer and a standalone DAC with SPDIF input, and can function as a pre-amp

Product Considerations

  • Utilitarian, DIY industrial design and barebones presentation may not appeal to everyone
  • Lacks built-in Wi-Fi, relying on a wired Ethernet connection for optimal performance
  • Requires careful selection of desired features (like outputs) during purchase, as all options cannot be accommodated simultaneously due to space limitations
  • Volume control is only manual via the volume knob when using the SPDIF input
  • Lacks features like a dedicated app, a screen, or a remote control

Comparisons (according to reviewers)

  • PecanPi+ retrieves more details and offers better tone texture than the Topping E70 Velvet, making the E70 Velvet sound slightly veiled in comparison
  • PecanPi+ sounds crisper and more focused than the SMSL SU10, while the SU10 projects a wider soundstage with a warmer tonality
  • RME ADI-2 DAC FS has a nicer package with display, remote, EQ settings, and more I/O, but PecanPi+ is a streamer, and the sound quality is very similar
  • Gustard A26 has a bigger soundstage, better dynamics, and a more premium build—but is noticeably pricier
  • The Plus version is more transparent, incisive and revealing than the Original PecanPi
  • Both devices have similar price but different set of features, and the PecanPi+ has an edge when it comes to sheer resolution compared to the EverSolo DMP-A6

Takeaway: The PecanPi+ is a high-performing, versatile streamer/DAC that focuses on delivering exceptional sound quality. Its clean, neutral sound and high-quality components make it a great option for those prioritizing audio fidelity, especially given its good value.

Video review

About the brand

Orchard Audio is an American maker of amplifiers, DACs and streamers, started in 2017 by Leo Ayzenshtat, who first designed a system for his own house. The company designs purely to measurements and says its products have no voicing. The Starkrimson amplifiers are Class D designs built on gallium nitride (GaN) transistors, which let the designs run cool with very wide bandwidth. Its modules are also sold separately for people who build their own gear. Owners can upgrade existing units, for example moving a Starkrimson Stereo Ultra 2.5 to the DMC version.
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BorderPatrol
DAC Se-i USB
1400
/
7
Reviews
Now better than ever, the latest version of the BorderPatrol SE-i DAC features several significant revisions and refinements that further enhance its musicality and listenability. The minimalist, non-oversampling R-2R DAC chip remains, but is now mounted on a new BorderPatrol-designed DAC circuit board that uses through-hole resistors, capacitors, and DAC chip in place of the surface mount parts on the previous board. The tube/solid-state hybrid choke input filter power supply now features a custom-made, oversized, R-core power transformer in place of the previous E-I/toroid transformer arrangement.
BorderPatrol is a small American maker of DACs and tube amplifiers, designed and built by Gary Dews in Bristow, Virginia. The DACs use a vintage Philips TDA1543 ladder chip with no oversampling, upsampling or digital filter, and both the DACs and the amplifiers use choke-input power supplies with tube rectification, which the company considers central to its sound. The S20 amplifier couples its stages with interstage transformers. Each DAC is built and tested by Dews himself, and the SE DAC comes in a copper chassis.
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What reviewers think

Product Strengths

  • The Border Patrol SE-i DAC brings the music naturally, organically, with great coherence and resolution
  • It excels in the midrange
  • The soundstage is quite large and can be vast, synergy providing
  • There is a natural musicality and an organic quality to the music
  • This DAC will give the music lover some of the finest reproduction qualities that may be experienced in a digital-to-analog converter

Product Considerations

  • It will not play the various high-resolution formats or DSD or DXD or anything above 24/96kHz
  • It only converts PCM (pulse code modulation) digital at sampling frequencies of 44.1K, 48K, 88.2K, and 96K
  • If one is looking for extreme sonic range, it's best to move on from here
  • Synergy with equipment is important to get the best sound

Comparisons (according to reviewers)

  • Vs Audio Note CD3.1x/2: The Border Patrol may be a touch more accurate in its midrange response than Audio Note, but this was also highly dependent on the program sources employed
  • Vs Prism Sound Callia: The Border Patrol equals the Callia in every way, but its presentation gives out a touch more softness with a little more naturalness in its fundamental tonality and harmonic presentation
  • Vs Wyred 4 Sound's 10th Anniversary DAC: The main differences alongside the Border Patrol would be a touch more upper-frequency lift in comparison, whereas the Border Patrol still exudes a more romantic—slightly smoother—sound presentation

Takeaway: The Border Patrol SE-i DAC is great at making music sound natural and draws the listener into the music. It could be perfect for those who enjoy a natural sound and do not need to play super high-resolution files.

Video review

About the brand

BorderPatrol is a small American maker of DACs and tube amplifiers, designed and built by Gary Dews in Bristow, Virginia. The DACs use a vintage Philips TDA1543 ladder chip with no oversampling, upsampling or digital filter, and both the DACs and the amplifiers use choke-input power supplies with tube rectification, which the company considers central to its sound. The S20 amplifier couples its stages with interstage transformers. Each DAC is built and tested by Dews himself, and the SE DAC comes in a copper chassis.
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DAC Se-i USB
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Denafrips
Ares 15th
1199
/
2
Reviews
The ARES15th redefines the DAC standard with its remarkable performance enhancement. The ARES15th utilizes cutting-edge audio technology and precision craftsmanship to achieve a level of audio quality that far surpasses its peers. Whether it's the deep, powerful bass, the smooth and detailed mids, or the clear and transparent highs, every audio detail is perfectly reproduced, delivering an unforgettable listening experience.
Denafrips is a Chinese DAC maker, founded in 2012, at the forefront of the current interest in R-2R ladder DACs, which convert with arrays of hand-picked precision resistors. The higher models add low-phase-noise clocks, box-in-box power supplies and stronger jitter suppression. The sound is described as smooth and organic, and the DACs compete with converters costing several times more. The range climbs from the Erato and Enyo through the Ares and Pontus to the Terminator, and Holo Audio is the usual comparison.
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What reviewers think

Product Strengths

  • Improved dynamic attack, texture, body, and detail reproduction compared to previous generations
  • Significantly more dynamic than the Ares 2 and many modern DACs, including Delta Sigma DACs
  • Stereo image is nice and precise, especially for the price point, with good reproduction of vocals and instruments
  • Has a shadow of tube sound, where the mid-range sounds full and thick and sounds more analog than many other DACs
  • Bass quality is fantastic with lots of information in the bass area

Product Considerations

  • Clarity in the upper mid-range area could be improved
  • Not a neutral DAC; it is slightly colored
  • Has no volume control, so it cannot be used as a preamp
  • When paired with a tube amp it sounded a little blurry and loose in bass region, as well as mid bands and mid-range area
  • May not be ideal for systems that already have a lot of mid-range thickness

Comparisons (according to reviewers)

  • Vs Denafrips Ares 2: The difference between NOS and OS modes is more distinct, and the Ares 15 is significantly more dynamic
  • Vs Gustard MK3/Gustard 26: The Ares 15 has some coloration compared to these newer—more neutral—DACs

Takeaway: The Denafrips Ares 15 is a good DAC that offers a dynamic and musical sound with an analog flavor. It could be a worthwhile upgrade, especially if wanting to add body to the mid-range of a system or are looking for R2R sound.

Video review

About the brand

Denafrips is a Chinese DAC maker, founded in 2012, at the forefront of the current interest in R-2R ladder DACs, which convert with arrays of hand-picked precision resistors. The higher models add low-phase-noise clocks, box-in-box power supplies and stronger jitter suppression. The sound is described as smooth and organic, and the DACs compete with converters costing several times more. The range climbs from the Erato and Enyo through the Ares and Pontus to the Terminator, and Holo Audio is the usual comparison.
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Ares 15th
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Schiit
Bifrost
799
/
11
Reviews
Bifrost 2/64 is a complete re-thinking of what an accessible DAC can be. With full hardware-balanced topology, balanced and single-ended outputs, remote control, Schiit's unique True Multibit™ architecture with a time-and frequency-domain optimized digital filter, NOS mode, and our own Unison USB™ input and easy-to-upgrade Autonomy™ platform, Bifrost sets all the standards.
Schiit is where a lot of people buy their first serious headphone amplifier or DAC. The American company, started in a garage in 2010, sells direct, builds everything in the United States, and keeps most of its range under $1,000. Many of its products are modular, with DAC and USB boards that can be swapped for newer ones without replacing the whole unit. The Magni amplifier and Modi DAC are the classic first stack, the Yggdrasil is the flagship DAC, and the company's humorous, plain-spoken voice has built an unusually loyal following.
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What reviewers think

Product Strengths

  • Better clarity than previous versions
  • Better low-end definition, layering, wider soundstage, and dynamics compared to previous versions
  • Is upgradable with user-serviceable cards and firmware
  • High build quality, and products are made in the USA
  • Has a warmer sonic climate, and a slightly laid-back groove

Product Considerations

  • The original Bifrost had a hazy sound, while the AK4399 version was a little bright with not a lot of bass
  • The multibit version can sound hazy, with less low-end definition and not much punch
  • The highs on the BF 2/64 may stick out a little bit more than the original BF 2
  • On its own, the Bifrost 2 can be unrelentingly sharp in its presentation, and sometimes come across as too harsh or focused

Comparisons (according to reviewers)

  • Vs Schiit Gungnir: The Bifrost 2 offers almost the same performance as the Gungnir for almost half the price
  • Vs Schiit Modius: The Bifrost has added front–back dimensionality, with layering and sparkle in the treble making it more exciting than the Modius
  • Vs Schiit Asgard 3 Multibit: The Bifrost feels like turning up the brightness and vividness on your TV by a couple of percent

Takeaway: The Bifrost is a great DAC that connects the listener to their music, giving excellent clarity and a wider soundstage. It is a steal of a deal because it has a better low end and is very dynamic.

Video review

About the brand

Schiit is where a lot of people buy their first serious headphone amplifier or DAC. The American company, started in a garage in 2010, sells direct, builds everything in the United States, and keeps most of its range under $1,000. Many of its products are modular, with DAC and USB boards that can be swapped for newer ones without replacing the whole unit. The Magni amplifier and Modi DAC are the classic first stack, the Yggdrasil is the flagship DAC, and the company's humorous, plain-spoken voice has built an unusually loyal following.
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Bifrost
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Denafrips
Enyo 15th
699
/
1
Reviews
In celebration of DENAFRIPS's 15 years of exceptional digital audio expertise, the Enyo 15th Anniversary Edition incorporates highly sought-after features such as I²S input, a redesigned anodised aluminium chassis, and various performance enhancements. If you're a music enthusiast who values high-quality, expressive, and analog-like sound, the Enyo 15th DAC could be a crucial component in your stereo audio setup.
Denafrips is a Chinese DAC maker, founded in 2012, at the forefront of the current interest in R-2R ladder DACs, which convert with arrays of hand-picked precision resistors. The higher models add low-phase-noise clocks, box-in-box power supplies and stronger jitter suppression. The sound is described as smooth and organic, and the DACs compete with converters costing several times more. The range climbs from the Erato and Enyo through the Ares and Pontus to the Terminator, and Holo Audio is the usual comparison.
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What reviewers think

Product Strengths

  • Constructed from thick aluminum, making it substantial and incredibly solid
  • Buttons have a strong tactile feel, are firm and responsive
  • Delivers bass with remarkable extension and control
  • Creates a wide and spacious soundstage, extending well beyond the boundaries of the speakers
  • Presents music with a sense of warmth, texture and realism that's incredibly engaging

Product Considerations

  • Bass is not as clean as some other gear, though some may like it that way

Takeaway: The ENEO offers a natural and musical sound, making it a special listening experience. It connects you with the music on an emotional level and is worth the price.

Video review

About the brand

Denafrips is a Chinese DAC maker, founded in 2012, at the forefront of the current interest in R-2R ladder DACs, which convert with arrays of hand-picked precision resistors. The higher models add low-phase-noise clocks, box-in-box power supplies and stronger jitter suppression. The sound is described as smooth and organic, and the DACs compete with converters costing several times more. The range climbs from the Erato and Enyo through the Ares and Pontus to the Terminator, and Holo Audio is the usual comparison.
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Enyo 15th
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Schiit
Modi Multibit
299
/
6
Reviews
Want a multibit DAC with a modern architecture, top-of-class USB input, and the flexibility to be the centerpiece of your entire system—without breaking the bank? Modi Multibit 2 delivers exactly what you need.
Schiit is where a lot of people buy their first serious headphone amplifier or DAC. The American company, started in a garage in 2010, sells direct, builds everything in the United States, and keeps most of its range under $1,000. Many of its products are modular, with DAC and USB boards that can be swapped for newer ones without replacing the whole unit. The Magni amplifier and Modi DAC are the classic first stack, the Yggdrasil is the flagship DAC, and the company's humorous, plain-spoken voice has built an unusually loyal following.
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What reviewers think

Product Strengths

  • Excellent value for its price point, competing with more expensive DACs
  • More relaxed, organic, and lush sound, with less of the harshness often associated with digital audio
  • A linear power supply inside the case itself is unusual, but nice because upgrading it is unnecessary
  • Good instrument separation, especially in the lower mids and bass, with definitively defined instruments
  • A bold and thick mid-range gives a typical sound signature that is not often heard

Product Considerations

  • The Modi Multibit may sound a little rolled off in the upper range compared to Delta Sigma DACs, but all the information is still there
  • Early versions had complaints about too thick/fatty bass, though this is not relevant in the version 2
  • Right out of the box, the Modi Multibit can sound compressed and not very good, requiring a burn-in period of a day or two to reach its full potential
  • Instrument timbres still seemed a touch off and lacked the last bit of finesse, flow, and air

Comparisons (according to reviewers)

  • Vs Geshelli Labs J2, the Modi Multibit is a little bit more forward in vocals and more resolving, Geshelli is smoother and has a good soundstage
  • Modi Multibit provides a better sound quality—like a pointillist painting on canvas vs a fresco watercolored on stucco

Takeaway: The Modi Multibit is a small but capable DAC that offers great sound quality for the price. It's a simple to use and versatile option that can bring a more enjoyable and realistic listening experience to a system.

Video review

About the brand

Schiit is where a lot of people buy their first serious headphone amplifier or DAC. The American company, started in a garage in 2010, sells direct, builds everything in the United States, and keeps most of its range under $1,000. Many of its products are modular, with DAC and USB boards that can be swapped for newer ones without replacing the whole unit. The Magni amplifier and Modi DAC are the classic first stack, the Yggdrasil is the flagship DAC, and the company's humorous, plain-spoken voice has built an unusually loyal following.
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Modi Multibit
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CEC
DA-0 3.0
46498
/
1
Reviews
The brand new CEC DA 0 3.0 is the original multibit DAC concept with the most sophisticated implementation and highest precision. We based the solution on the best technology available and applied our knowledge and experience taking the design to the extreme.
CEC is a maker of CD transports and CD players whose transports use belt drive, a principle borrowed from turntables. A belt separates the motor from the spindle to keep vibration and electromagnetic noise away from the disc, and a heavy stabilizer puck often rests on the disc like a record clamp. Reviewers describe the sound as dense and saturated through the midrange, often calling it analog-like. Owners pairing a CEC transport with a compatible DAC can use the Superlink connection, which carries clock and data over separate BNC cables to reduce jitter.
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What reviewers think

Product Strengths

  • Discrete, multi-bit 32/384 DAC made by MSB instead of an off-the-shelf DAC chip
  • Incredibly natural sound with a particularly rich, full, and firm presentation, having no hint of any digital artifacts
  • Delivers a palpable sound—providing a reliable presentation of the instrument's sound or of a voice
  • Great white display that is large and easy to read
  • Superlink input (CEC Superlink—Digital Signal Transmission System Connection), based on four 75 Ω BNC cables

Product Considerations

  • Sound when playing using S/PDIF is, in comparison to Superlink, 'gray'—or in other words, colorless
  • Display may be a little too short, because it cannot fit the whole displayed information at once

Comparisons (according to reviewers)

  • Compared to dCS, dCS offers even smoother, more "illuminated" sound, but CEC differs with more substantial presentation, better bass extension, and better drive
  • Compared to Totaldac, the French system, with 3.0 TL0 as a signal source, delivered even purer sound, with even more open treble area, with a very large soundstage than DA0 3.0
  • Compared to Ancient Audio, the Polish digital source is not so phenomenally resolving in the bass, nor is its performance so remarkably rhythmic, but the midrange is pure magic through the depth, saturation, and refinement

Takeaway: The DA0 3.0 offers an incredibly natural sound, delivering a rich, full, and firm presentation without digital artifacts. It allows the listener to appreciate both the recording process and the music, making it a valuable addition to any high-end audio system.

Video review

About the brand

CEC is a maker of CD transports and CD players whose transports use belt drive, a principle borrowed from turntables. A belt separates the motor from the spindle to keep vibration and electromagnetic noise away from the disc, and a heavy stabilizer puck often rests on the disc like a record clamp. Reviewers describe the sound as dense and saturated through the midrange, often calling it analog-like. Owners pairing a CEC transport with a compatible DAC can use the Superlink connection, which carries clock and data over separate BNC cables to reduce jitter.
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DA-0 3.0
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CH Precision
C10
95503
/
0
Reviews
Meet the C10, not so much an evolution as a generational step change in performance. Like all 10 Series components, the C10 is a twin-chassis design, with separate audio and power supply boxes. Like all CH components it is modular, updatable, upgradable, expandable and future-proof.
CH Precision is a Swiss maker of amplifiers, DACs and disc players, founded by Florian Cossy. Its products are modular, so owners configure each unit with option modules and can upgrade it later without replacing the whole component. Its amplifiers use ExactBias circuitry and a feedback ratio the owner can adjust to suit the speakers. Each 10 Series model, such as the M10 and L10, puts its power supply in a separate chassis, and the 1 Series includes the I1 integrated amplifier. The L1 is on our Best Preamplifiers list.
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Video review

About the brand

CH Precision is a Swiss maker of amplifiers, DACs and disc players, founded by Florian Cossy. Its products are modular, so owners configure each unit with option modules and can upgrade it later without replacing the whole component. Its amplifiers use ExactBias circuitry and a feedback ratio the owner can adjust to suit the speakers. Each 10 Series model, such as the M10 and L10, puts its power supply in a separate chassis, and the 1 Series includes the I1 integrated amplifier. The L1 is on our Best Preamplifiers list.
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C10
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Linear Tube Audio
Aero
3950
/
6
Reviews
The Aero is LTA's first digital-to-analog converter, and the world's only DAC using ZOTL technology. After two years of development, dozens of versions and prototypes, and hours of listening tests, the result delivers crystalline realism, organic timbre, and encompassing soundstage.
Linear Tube Audio is an American tube amplifier maker, founded in 2015. Its amplifiers are hand-built in Takoma Park, Maryland, around David Berning's patented ZOTL circuit, which drives the load without output transformers. The tubes are auto-biased, and the company says they last two to three times longer and run cooler than in traditional tube amplifiers. Fern & Roby designs the low-resonance aluminum chassis. The Z10e drives electrostatic, planar and dynamic headphones and also powers speakers at 12 watts per channel. The Z40+ is the most powerful model, able to drive almost any speaker.
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What reviewers think

Product Strengths

  • Natural and engaging sound, praised for its 'non-digital digital sound' and ability to connect the listener to the music's emotive power
  • Richness and fullness to the sound, achieving a balance between not being overly warm or rich nor clinical or sterile, offering a natural tonality
  • Wide and deep soundstage with precise instrument placement, creating spatial dimensions comparable to higher-priced DACs
  • Dynamically lively and snappy, handling complex musical passages without sounding overwhelmed
  • High-quality internal parts, robust build quality, and elegant appearance

Product Considerations

  • Lacks some of the detail retrieval and resolution compared to other DACs, meaning it may not deliver the same level of micro-textures
  • PCM only up to 192k sampling rate, so there is no DSD support
  • Some reviewers wished for I squared S and also AESEBU, the XLR input

Comparisons (according to reviewers)

  • Vs Mola Mola Tembaki, the Tembaki gave more high-frequency air, clarity and better portrayed the acoustics of the recording venue, but the Aero sounded more humid, with more weight and richness
  • Vs Border Patrol DAC, the Aero is more transparent and pure
  • Vs Laiv Harmony DAC, the Aero slots in between with a more pleasing and engaging balance between color and resolution

Takeaway: The Linear Tube Audio Aero DAC offers a natural, engaging, and enjoyable listening experience with great soundstage. It brings musical enjoyment for those who prioritize tonality and timbrel accuracy.

Video review

About the brand

Linear Tube Audio is an American tube amplifier maker, founded in 2015. Its amplifiers are hand-built in Takoma Park, Maryland, around David Berning's patented ZOTL circuit, which drives the load without output transformers. The tubes are auto-biased, and the company says they last two to three times longer and run cooler than in traditional tube amplifiers. Fern & Roby designs the low-resonance aluminum chassis. The Z10e drives electrostatic, planar and dynamic headphones and also powers speakers at 12 watts per channel. The Z40+ is the most powerful model, able to drive almost any speaker.
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Metrum
Metrum Onyx
1873
/
4
Reviews
With the goal of creating a mid range and affordable, yet superior DAC in mind Metrum Acoustics designed the ONYX. It was an unprecedented challenge, which was eventually solved by using an entirely new chip, which has been exclusively developed by Metrum Acoustics and was first used in the PAVANE.
Metrum Acoustics is a Dutch DAC maker whose converters are built around its own R2R ladder DAC modules. The designs are non-oversampling and skip digital filtering, an approach meant to keep the sound natural. To control volume, Metrum changes the modules' reference voltage instead of using digital attenuation or a potentiometer. The Onyx uses two DAC modules per channel driven by an FPGA, and the Adagio has volume control built in, so it can feed active speakers as a digital preamplifier. The Sonnet Pasithea is a DAC and preamplifier with eight DAC modules.
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What reviewers think

Product Strengths

  • Creates a big, solid sound with a wide, well-defined soundstage and lots of detail
  • Delivers drive and energy behind the music with a solid and full bass
  • Presents music with smoothness and gracefulness, especially in the midrange and treble delivery
  • Upgradeable with new technologies developed by Metrum Acoustics, such as the Transient DAC Three modules

Product Considerations

  • Build quality feels light and less substantial initially, though it is heavier than some competitors
  • Lacks DSD processing

Comparisons (according to reviewers)

  • Onyx has a smoother and more easy-going sound than Chord Hugo TT2, but the timing is not quite as crisp
  • The Onyx has less authority and is a little less detailed than Metrum Acoustics Pavane, but is otherwise very similar

Takeaway: The Metrum Onyx offers a unique blend of smoothness and immediacy. Its full and nicely textured sound makes it a worthwhile consideration for audiophiles seeking a high-performing DAC.

Video review

About the brand

Metrum Acoustics is a Dutch DAC maker whose converters are built around its own R2R ladder DAC modules. The designs are non-oversampling and skip digital filtering, an approach meant to keep the sound natural. To control volume, Metrum changes the modules' reference voltage instead of using digital attenuation or a potentiometer. The Onyx uses two DAC modules per channel driven by an FPGA, and the Adagio has volume control built in, so it can feed active speakers as a digital preamplifier. The Sonnet Pasithea is a DAC and preamplifier with eight DAC modules.
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ExtremeHiFi Writer
Metrum Onyx
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Metrum
Metrum Adagio
4596
/
6
Reviews
The Metrum Acoustics flagship DAC with volume control. Connect this digital pre-amplifier directly to your power amplifiers or active speakers. Volume control done right by steering the DC voltage of the R2R ladders.
Metrum Acoustics is a Dutch DAC maker whose converters are built around its own R2R ladder DAC modules. The designs are non-oversampling and skip digital filtering, an approach meant to keep the sound natural. To control volume, Metrum changes the modules' reference voltage instead of using digital attenuation or a potentiometer. The Onyx uses two DAC modules per channel driven by an FPGA, and the Adagio has volume control built in, so it can feed active speakers as a digital preamplifier. The Sonnet Pasithea is a DAC and preamplifier with eight DAC modules.
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What reviewers think

Product Strengths

  • More weight, body, and tonal richness create a fuller sound
  • Capable of reproducing music up to a high quality level
  • Easy to use, with simple digital inputs and single ended/balanced outputs
  • Improves realism in music reproduction

Product Considerations

  • Lacks analog inputs, making it less suitable for turntable users
  • When changing the volume with the remote, all the DAC LEDs illuminate

Comparisons (according to reviewers)

  • The Adagio is a much smoother sounding DAC overall, compared to Metrum Acoustics Onyx
  • The Adagio with the new Transient modules, a more powerful supply and higher working voltage is clearly better than the Metrum Acoustics Pavane

Takeaway: The Adagio provides impressive sound quality, fleshing out music with more weight and tonal richness, making it more engaging. It is a very interesting DAC and pre-amplifier that could be brilliant for many audiophiles.

Video review

About the brand

Metrum Acoustics is a Dutch DAC maker whose converters are built around its own R2R ladder DAC modules. The designs are non-oversampling and skip digital filtering, an approach meant to keep the sound natural. To control volume, Metrum changes the modules' reference voltage instead of using digital attenuation or a potentiometer. The Onyx uses two DAC modules per channel driven by an FPGA, and the Adagio has volume control built in, so it can feed active speakers as a digital preamplifier. The Sonnet Pasithea is a DAC and preamplifier with eight DAC modules.
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Metrum Adagio
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Metrum
Metrum Amethyst
1040
/
2
Reviews
The AMETHYST is our entry model NOS DAC using our praised forward correction technology. As a result music will be more exciting as details on very low levels will be audible. The AMETHYST can meet the best systems today in terms of sound quality as it borrows all the good things from our top models. In addition we have implemented a powerful headphone amplifier with volume control.
Metrum Acoustics is a Dutch DAC maker whose converters are built around its own R2R ladder DAC modules. The designs are non-oversampling and skip digital filtering, an approach meant to keep the sound natural. To control volume, Metrum changes the modules' reference voltage instead of using digital attenuation or a potentiometer. The Onyx uses two DAC modules per channel driven by an FPGA, and the Adagio has volume control built in, so it can feed active speakers as a digital preamplifier. The Sonnet Pasithea is a DAC and preamplifier with eight DAC modules.
Expand Details

What reviewers think

Product Strengths

  • High price/performance ratio
  • Heavy power supply (30VA + 44'000µF) adds a headphone amp which can drive 16Ω
  • Improved DAC linearity, boosting the converters to top specs
  • More articulated transients, more focus, better top-end visibility, and depth specificity
  • Unique R2R D/A conversion
  • Amethyst features no balanced outputs

Product Considerations

  • Volume control covers headfi only, piping directly into a speaker amp runs full throttle regardless of setting, needing a preamp or integrated amp
  • Casework makes do without the range toppers' glass lid and massive sides
  • Lacks color intensity and has leaner textures compared to some alternatives

Comparisons (according to reviewers)

  • Compared to AURALiC Vega, Amethyst has more articulated transients, more focus, better top-end visibility, and depth specificity, but at a lower color intensity and with leaner textures

Takeaway: The Metrum offers great value with its unique R2R D/A conversion and ability to drive headphones, making it a compelling entry-level option from Metrum Acoustics. It provides clear and focused sound, making it a worthwhile consideration for those looking for quality audio.

Video review

About the brand

Metrum Acoustics is a Dutch DAC maker whose converters are built around its own R2R ladder DAC modules. The designs are non-oversampling and skip digital filtering, an approach meant to keep the sound natural. To control volume, Metrum changes the modules' reference voltage instead of using digital attenuation or a potentiometer. The Onyx uses two DAC modules per channel driven by an FPGA, and the Adagio has volume control built in, so it can feed active speakers as a digital preamplifier. The Sonnet Pasithea is a DAC and preamplifier with eight DAC modules.
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ExtremeHiFi Writer
Metrum Amethyst
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Rockna
Wavedream
10067
/
10
Reviews
We are proud to present our current flagship in digital audio reproduction. We believe it has the right ingredients to produce a sound that will honour it's name. In the good tradition established by it's predecessor, the Wavedream continues to push the limits of performance, design and sound quality.
Rockna Audio is a Romanian maker of DACs and digital sources, founded in 1999. It builds everything in its own labs in Suceava and designs its core R2R DAC modules in house. Custom FPGA code drives those modules, so firmware updates can change how a DAC behaves. The Wavedream offers linear, minimum phase, hybrid and NOS digital filters, and Rockna DACs often include an analog preamplifier, so an all-digital system can do without a separate preamp. The Wavedream NET combines a memory-based CD transport with a music server and connects to Rockna DACs over I2S.
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What reviewers think

Product Strengths

  • Exceptional detail retrieval is offered
  • Strong dynamics and impact are delivered
  • An expansive and holographic soundstage is created
  • Clean and transparent sound is exhibited
  • Superb build quality is demonstrated

Product Considerations

  • Digital volume control may reduce dynamic range, like other DACs
  • I2S inputs use the PS Audio standard, which may require adapters for devices with other pinouts
  • The internal Roon core can be slow

Comparisons (according to reviewers)

  • The WaveDream Signature comes very close to the Ideon Audio Absolute Epsilon's technical performance at a significantly lower price
  • The WaveDream is preferred by some, being seen as more enjoyable, punchy and visceral than the Chord Dave, though the Dave has slightly more microdetails

Takeaway: The Rockna WaveDream is a high-performing DAC with incredible detail and dynamics that creates an engaging and immersive listening experience. It is a great choice for those who want a top-tier DAC to elevate their music to new heights.

Video review

About the brand

Rockna Audio is a Romanian maker of DACs and digital sources, founded in 1999. It builds everything in its own labs in Suceava and designs its core R2R DAC modules in house. Custom FPGA code drives those modules, so firmware updates can change how a DAC behaves. The Wavedream offers linear, minimum phase, hybrid and NOS digital filters, and Rockna DACs often include an analog preamplifier, so an all-digital system can do without a separate preamp. The Wavedream NET combines a memory-based CD transport with a music server and connects to Rockna DACs over I2S.
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Wavedream
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Thrax
Maximinus MK2S
/
0
Reviews
The original multibit DAC concept with the most sophisticated implementation and highest precision.
Thrax is a Bulgarian maker of amplifiers and preamplifiers, founded by Rumen Artarski. A small team designs and builds everything in its Sofia workshop, winding every transformer in-house and machining every chassis from solid aluminum. Many of the designs combine tube and solid-state stages. The Dionysos preamplifier sets volume with transformers rather than potentiometers, and the Spartacus 300 monoblocks use directly heated triodes in push-pull, in pure class A with no feedback. The Enyo MK2 puts a preamplifier, DAC and power amplifier in one chassis, so a complete system needs fewer boxes.
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Video review

About the brand

Thrax is a Bulgarian maker of amplifiers and preamplifiers, founded by Rumen Artarski. A small team designs and builds everything in its Sofia workshop, winding every transformer in-house and machining every chassis from solid aluminum. Many of the designs combine tube and solid-state stages. The Dionysos preamplifier sets volume with transformers rather than potentiometers, and the Spartacus 300 monoblocks use directly heated triodes in push-pull, in pure class A with no feedback. The Enyo MK2 puts a preamplifier, DAC and power amplifier in one chassis, so a complete system needs fewer boxes.
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Maximinus MK2S
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SW1X
DAC X
/
0
Reviews
Over 14 years in the making, the Statement Level X represents the pinnacle of SW1X engineering and is a culmination of technology from our DAC product line up (DAC I-V) in one chassis. This is the ultimate, endgame DAC, that is designed to play a beautiful sound through all ages.
SW1X Audio Design is a British maker of tube hifi equipment, led by founder Dr. Slawa Roschkow. Everything is designed and hand assembled at its factory in Essex. The company began with DACs built on TDA1543 and TDA1541 chips, and its DACs remain non-oversampling, with tube output stages and no digital filters. The range has since grown to amplifiers, phono stages, transports and horn loudspeakers. Most products come in several versions with different wiring and capacitor choices, so owners can tune the sound to their system. The DAC I is the compact entry point.
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Video review

About the brand

SW1X Audio Design is a British maker of tube hifi equipment, led by founder Dr. Slawa Roschkow. Everything is designed and hand assembled at its factory in Essex. The company began with DACs built on TDA1543 and TDA1541 chips, and its DACs remain non-oversampling, with tube output stages and no digital filters. The range has since grown to amplifiers, phono stages, transports and horn loudspeakers. Most products come in several versions with different wiring and capacitor choices, so owners can tune the sound to their system. The DAC I is the compact entry point.
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Julian Shapiro
ExtremeHiFi Writer
DAC X
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DAC V
/
0
Reviews
Similar to the DAC III Balanced & the DAC IV, DAC V is Signal Output Transformer (OPT) de-coupled yet is amplified by Directly Heated Triodes and powered by Directly Heated Valve Rectified Quasi Dual Mono Power Supply. Signal Output Transformer (OPT) de-coupling of the Directly Heated Valve Output Stage is the closest approximation to a truly "invisibly" sounding DAC.
SW1X Audio Design is a British maker of tube hifi equipment, led by founder Dr. Slawa Roschkow. Everything is designed and hand assembled at its factory in Essex. The company began with DACs built on TDA1543 and TDA1541 chips, and its DACs remain non-oversampling, with tube output stages and no digital filters. The range has since grown to amplifiers, phono stages, transports and horn loudspeakers. Most products come in several versions with different wiring and capacitor choices, so owners can tune the sound to their system. The DAC I is the compact entry point.
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Video review

About the brand

SW1X Audio Design is a British maker of tube hifi equipment, led by founder Dr. Slawa Roschkow. Everything is designed and hand assembled at its factory in Essex. The company began with DACs built on TDA1543 and TDA1541 chips, and its DACs remain non-oversampling, with tube output stages and no digital filters. The range has since grown to amplifiers, phono stages, transports and horn loudspeakers. Most products come in several versions with different wiring and capacitor choices, so owners can tune the sound to their system. The DAC I is the compact entry point.
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Julian Shapiro
ExtremeHiFi Writer
DAC V
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SW1X
DAC IV
25275
/
2
Reviews
DAC IV is a further development in musical scale & refinement of the already magical sounding DAC III Balanced powered by Power Output Valves and Directly Heated Diodes (DHD) in the power supply. The DHD Valve power supplies are 2 x choke filtered and quasi dual mono in design. Accomodating everything in one chassis without interference of magnetic fields proved to be a real challenge but having everything housed in one chassis with much shorter signal paths turned out to be very rewarding in the end.
SW1X Audio Design is a British maker of tube hifi equipment, led by founder Dr. Slawa Roschkow. Everything is designed and hand assembled at its factory in Essex. The company began with DACs built on TDA1543 and TDA1541 chips, and its DACs remain non-oversampling, with tube output stages and no digital filters. The range has since grown to amplifiers, phono stages, transports and horn loudspeakers. Most products come in several versions with different wiring and capacitor choices, so owners can tune the sound to their system. The DAC I is the compact entry point.
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What reviewers think

Product Strengths

  • Notable focus and density to the midrange that is unparalleled compared to other DACs
  • Exceeding naturalness and deep detail
  • Top end is smooth, and the low end is present and provides a substantial foundation
  • More precise, revealing, and dynamic presentation

Product Considerations

  • The review unit lacked a USB input, only offering AES/EBU and S/PDIF over Coax as inputs
  • Might not suit audiophiles who prize dry, bright, or hard-sounding digital audio

Comparisons (according to reviewers)

  • Compared to solid-state DACs, the SW1X DAC IV Special has unparalleled focus and immediacy of dynamics, especially in the midrange
  • Compared to the SW1X DAC V—the DAC IV has a more precise, revealing, and dynamic presentation

Takeaway: The SW1X DAC IV Special could be the answer if one wants to feel more emotionally connected to their music and escape the constant analysis of typical audiophile listening. It's designed to provide a musically engaging experience.

Video review

About the brand

SW1X Audio Design is a British maker of tube hifi equipment, led by founder Dr. Slawa Roschkow. Everything is designed and hand assembled at its factory in Essex. The company began with DACs built on TDA1543 and TDA1541 chips, and its DACs remain non-oversampling, with tube output stages and no digital filters. The range has since grown to amplifiers, phono stages, transports and horn loudspeakers. Most products come in several versions with different wiring and capacitor choices, so owners can tune the sound to their system. The DAC I is the compact entry point.
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Julian Shapiro
ExtremeHiFi Writer
DAC IV
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DAC III (Balanced)
15950
/
4
Reviews
The Balanced version of the DAC III is a non-compromise valve output stage design DAC III, equipped with Signal Output Transfromers (OPTs), a smaller brother to the DAC IV and DHT output stage based DAC V. The step up in transparency of the Balanced over the SE version is provided by a signal output transformer de-coupled EL84 power pentode (triode connected) tube output stage driven by the mighty 6N6P double triode.
SW1X Audio Design is a British maker of tube hifi equipment, led by founder Dr. Slawa Roschkow. Everything is designed and hand assembled at its factory in Essex. The company began with DACs built on TDA1543 and TDA1541 chips, and its DACs remain non-oversampling, with tube output stages and no digital filters. The range has since grown to amplifiers, phono stages, transports and horn loudspeakers. Most products come in several versions with different wiring and capacitor choices, so owners can tune the sound to their system. The DAC I is the compact entry point.
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What reviewers think

Product Strengths

  • Known for analog-like qualities in dealing with transcoding zeros and ones
  • Conveys low-level musical complexity and subtle spatial nuances that other DACs have difficulty with
  • Produces voices that expand in three dimensions with a refreshing sense of presence, reminiscent of vinyl reproduction
  • Returns energy to the music, instead of taking it away
  • Reproduces details and anchor points with refreshing vividness, presenting the actuality with the least fragmentation of the sound image

Product Considerations

  • A single-ended into a balanced pre configuration caused occasional static, making image difficult to discern during those moments
  • Clarity could be improved on very complex choirs and instruments, and more separation would also be beneficial
  • The attack on drums is slightly slow—perhaps medium paced—compared to some DACs

Comparisons (according to reviewers)

  • Compared to CH Precision C1.2 DAC, the DAC III is more emotionally involving, while the CH Precision sounds markedly cooler, flatter, and more emotionally restrained
  • Compared to aqua acoustic quality Formula xHD, the Formula xHD retrieves detail, bass precision, articulation, and transparency better, while the DAC III is airier, more fluid, and more refined
  • Compared to Holo Audio May, the attack on drums is slightly slow—perhaps medium paced—and behind the Holo Audio May as well

Takeaway: The SW1X Audio Design DAC III Balanced has a musicality that makes it worth considering. It expresses music in a way that is closer to analog, with a natural transparency and higher degree of contrast.

Video review

About the brand

SW1X Audio Design is a British maker of tube hifi equipment, led by founder Dr. Slawa Roschkow. Everything is designed and hand assembled at its factory in Essex. The company began with DACs built on TDA1543 and TDA1541 chips, and its DACs remain non-oversampling, with tube output stages and no digital filters. The range has since grown to amplifiers, phono stages, transports and horn loudspeakers. Most products come in several versions with different wiring and capacitor choices, so owners can tune the sound to their system. The DAC I is the compact entry point.
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Julian Shapiro
ExtremeHiFi Writer
DAC III (Balanced)
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DAC III USB
12395
/
0
Reviews
The USB version is essentially a DAC III (SE) with an integrated USB interface in full size chassis like the Balanced version just without signal OPTs, larger power supplies & power tube output stage.
SW1X Audio Design is a British maker of tube hifi equipment, led by founder Dr. Slawa Roschkow. Everything is designed and hand assembled at its factory in Essex. The company began with DACs built on TDA1543 and TDA1541 chips, and its DACs remain non-oversampling, with tube output stages and no digital filters. The range has since grown to amplifiers, phono stages, transports and horn loudspeakers. Most products come in several versions with different wiring and capacitor choices, so owners can tune the sound to their system. The DAC I is the compact entry point.
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What reviewers think

Video review

About the brand

SW1X Audio Design is a British maker of tube hifi equipment, led by founder Dr. Slawa Roschkow. Everything is designed and hand assembled at its factory in Essex. The company began with DACs built on TDA1543 and TDA1541 chips, and its DACs remain non-oversampling, with tube output stages and no digital filters. The range has since grown to amplifiers, phono stages, transports and horn loudspeakers. Most products come in several versions with different wiring and capacitor choices, so owners can tune the sound to their system. The DAC I is the compact entry point.
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Julian Shapiro
ExtremeHiFi Writer
DAC III USB
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DAC II Balanced
10825
/
0
Reviews
The Balanced version is a non compromise tube output stage DAC II and a smaller brother to the DAC III Balanced. The number of PCM56 R2R DACs is doubled to 4 pieces (2x per channel), whereas the STD & SPX versions employ 2 x PCM56 (1x per channel). Similar to the DAC III Balanced, DAC II Balanced comes equipped with a EL82/EL84 power tube output stage.
SW1X Audio Design is a British maker of tube hifi equipment, led by founder Dr. Slawa Roschkow. Everything is designed and hand assembled at its factory in Essex. The company began with DACs built on TDA1543 and TDA1541 chips, and its DACs remain non-oversampling, with tube output stages and no digital filters. The range has since grown to amplifiers, phono stages, transports and horn loudspeakers. Most products come in several versions with different wiring and capacitor choices, so owners can tune the sound to their system. The DAC I is the compact entry point.
Expand Details

Video review

About the brand

SW1X Audio Design is a British maker of tube hifi equipment, led by founder Dr. Slawa Roschkow. Everything is designed and hand assembled at its factory in Essex. The company began with DACs built on TDA1543 and TDA1541 chips, and its DACs remain non-oversampling, with tube output stages and no digital filters. The range has since grown to amplifiers, phono stages, transports and horn loudspeakers. Most products come in several versions with different wiring and capacitor choices, so owners can tune the sound to their system. The DAC I is the compact entry point.
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Julian Shapiro
ExtremeHiFi Writer
DAC II Balanced
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DAC II
6050
/
2
Reviews
DAC II comes equipped with more sophisticated power supplies and powerful 6N6P/6N30P/5687/E182CC valve output stage with 6X5GT (or 5Y3) valve rectification. The DAC II has a similar analogue & musical character akin to DAC I but with a step up in low level musical refinement and presentation on another level.
SW1X Audio Design is a British maker of tube hifi equipment, led by founder Dr. Slawa Roschkow. Everything is designed and hand assembled at its factory in Essex. The company began with DACs built on TDA1543 and TDA1541 chips, and its DACs remain non-oversampling, with tube output stages and no digital filters. The range has since grown to amplifiers, phono stages, transports and horn loudspeakers. Most products come in several versions with different wiring and capacitor choices, so owners can tune the sound to their system. The DAC I is the compact entry point.
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What reviewers think

Product Strengths

  • Instruments are separate and easy to hear, producing a well-integrated piece of music
  • Bass has real swing, dynamics, and tone
  • A real 3D image of the singer is provided
  • It mixes the best qualities of DAC 1 Active and Passive, sounding upbeat, lively, fluid, rich, and relaxed
  • Midrange is smoother, better integrated, very dynamic but not shouty, with an overall more balanced, more natural presentation
  • It offers an increase in soundstage width and the air within it, images are freer, and occupy their own space
  • It possesses a very appealing liquidity with a nice dose of added richness, very dynamic and highly entertaining
  • Designed with a focus on musicality rather than specifications, it aims to sound like real music
  • Voicing and harmonic matching of the components contribute decisively to how the products sound in the end
  • It makes the user want to listen to music instead of dissecting technical properties

Product Considerations

  • The Bricasti M1 is more neutral top to bottom, making it seem a little uneven by comparison
  • The Audionote 4.1x had greater dynamics, more intense tonal color, and superbly timed bass, it was good but could not match the AN 4.1x

Comparisons (according to reviewers)

  • It sounds better, clearer, makes it easier to hear lyrics, and provides more intense emotion than the Audionote DAC2.1x
  • The DAC 2 has a much higher level of refinement and is just as lively and enthusiastic, without all of the very punchy active DAC 1 bass
  • The DAC 2 sounds more like the passive DAC 1 in terms of bass but more like the active DAC 1 in terms of even-handedness
  • It sounds warmer and smoother than the Wadia 521 DAC, the Wadia sounds a bit static in comparison
  • The Bricasti M1 offers a higher level of resolution, and has more powerful deep bass, but it has more punchy mid-bass and still trumps the Bricasti in terms of liquidity and overall emotional delivery
  • The Exogal Comet is more refined and even-handed, but it has more muscular bass and packs more dynamic power overall, and is a more emotionally involving performer

Takeaway: The SW1X DAC II Special is a DAC designed for musical enjoyment, not just technical specifications, and is capable of rendering music with a sense of realism and emotion, making it a great choice for listeners who want to connect with their music on a deeper level. The SW1X DAC 2 has a very appealing liquidity with a nice dose of added richness, and is very dynamic and highly entertaining.

Video review

About the brand

SW1X Audio Design is a British maker of tube hifi equipment, led by founder Dr. Slawa Roschkow. Everything is designed and hand assembled at its factory in Essex. The company began with DACs built on TDA1543 and TDA1541 chips, and its DACs remain non-oversampling, with tube output stages and no digital filters. The range has since grown to amplifiers, phono stages, transports and horn loudspeakers. Most products come in several versions with different wiring and capacitor choices, so owners can tune the sound to their system. The DAC I is the compact entry point.
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Julian Shapiro
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DAC II
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DAC I
4375
/
1
Reviews
With an elegantly simple design, SW1X DAC I is one of the most musical and purist NOS R2R DAC ever made. This is the best high-end entry level solution to a musical, organic & analogue sounding digital setup- just add an analogue sounding digital transport and re-experience your collection of music.
SW1X Audio Design is a British maker of tube hifi equipment, led by founder Dr. Slawa Roschkow. Everything is designed and hand assembled at its factory in Essex. The company began with DACs built on TDA1543 and TDA1541 chips, and its DACs remain non-oversampling, with tube output stages and no digital filters. The range has since grown to amplifiers, phono stages, transports and horn loudspeakers. Most products come in several versions with different wiring and capacitor choices, so owners can tune the sound to their system. The DAC I is the compact entry point.
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What reviewers think

Product Strengths

  • Enthusiastic, transparent, and lively sound with a rare purity
  • Communicative and free-flowing midrange, a trademark of tube deployment, without sounding slow or undynamic
  • Good levels of detail are retrieved
  • Accurate and fast bass

Product Considerations

  • Does not paint as wide and intricate a soundstage as top-tier DACs, packing individual sounds more closely together
  • Focuses on the overall performance rather than individual strands, potentially lacking nuance and refinement for critical audiophiles
  • May be a little too lively and enthusiastic when combined with already lively equipment
  • Passive version bass is less nimble and precise than the active counterpart

Comparisons (according to reviewers)

  • Vs Bricasti M1: The DAC 1 is more outgoing and lively, while the M1 is more soft-spoken, warmer, richer in the midrange and airier
  • The active version is more controlled overall, more precise in the bass, and more 'immediate'—with faster transients and more attack—while the passive version is more freely enthusiastic

Takeaway: The DAC 1 is a breath of fresh air, with a lively sound that is easy to like. It delivers engaging sound and retrieves good levels of detail, making it a great addition to a system needing more energy.

Video review

About the brand

SW1X Audio Design is a British maker of tube hifi equipment, led by founder Dr. Slawa Roschkow. Everything is designed and hand assembled at its factory in Essex. The company began with DACs built on TDA1543 and TDA1541 chips, and its DACs remain non-oversampling, with tube output stages and no digital filters. The range has since grown to amplifiers, phono stages, transports and horn loudspeakers. Most products come in several versions with different wiring and capacitor choices, so owners can tune the sound to their system. The DAC I is the compact entry point.
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Julian Shapiro
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DAC I
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CDP II
/
0
Reviews
CDP is short for Complete DAC Player. Similar to a CD Player, CDP is a Single-Ended (SE) version of a SW1X DAC with a VDT Digital Player/Streamer housed in one chassis. This is a harmonically matched solution for those who are looking to maximise the musical and analogue characteristics of SW1X digital source without the hassle of mismatch stemming from multiple chassis products.
SW1X Audio Design is a British maker of tube hifi equipment, led by founder Dr. Slawa Roschkow. Everything is designed and hand assembled at its factory in Essex. The company began with DACs built on TDA1543 and TDA1541 chips, and its DACs remain non-oversampling, with tube output stages and no digital filters. The range has since grown to amplifiers, phono stages, transports and horn loudspeakers. Most products come in several versions with different wiring and capacitor choices, so owners can tune the sound to their system. The DAC I is the compact entry point.
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Video review

About the brand

SW1X Audio Design is a British maker of tube hifi equipment, led by founder Dr. Slawa Roschkow. Everything is designed and hand assembled at its factory in Essex. The company began with DACs built on TDA1543 and TDA1541 chips, and its DACs remain non-oversampling, with tube output stages and no digital filters. The range has since grown to amplifiers, phono stages, transports and horn loudspeakers. Most products come in several versions with different wiring and capacitor choices, so owners can tune the sound to their system. The DAC I is the compact entry point.
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Julian Shapiro
ExtremeHiFi Writer
CDP II
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CDP I
/
0
Reviews
Similar to a CD Player, CDP is a SW1X DAC with a VDT Digital Player/Streamer housed in one chassis. This is a harmonically matched solution for those who are looking to maximise the musical and analogue characteristics of SW1X digital source without the hassle of mismatch stemming from multiple chassis products.
SW1X Audio Design is a British maker of tube hifi equipment, led by founder Dr. Slawa Roschkow. Everything is designed and hand assembled at its factory in Essex. The company began with DACs built on TDA1543 and TDA1541 chips, and its DACs remain non-oversampling, with tube output stages and no digital filters. The range has since grown to amplifiers, phono stages, transports and horn loudspeakers. Most products come in several versions with different wiring and capacitor choices, so owners can tune the sound to their system. The DAC I is the compact entry point.
Expand Details

Video review

About the brand

SW1X Audio Design is a British maker of tube hifi equipment, led by founder Dr. Slawa Roschkow. Everything is designed and hand assembled at its factory in Essex. The company began with DACs built on TDA1543 and TDA1541 chips, and its DACs remain non-oversampling, with tube output stages and no digital filters. The range has since grown to amplifiers, phono stages, transports and horn loudspeakers. Most products come in several versions with different wiring and capacitor choices, so owners can tune the sound to their system. The DAC I is the compact entry point.
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Julian Shapiro
ExtremeHiFi Writer
CDP I
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Sonnet
Morpheus
3237
/
6
Reviews
The Sonnet range will gives you more weight, body, tonal richness, and a more natural sense of the space of the recording. Or to put it more plainly, it fleshes out your music more! This new range does a wonderful job of presenting even the most complex music in a natural and inviting manner with every last ounce of nuance in tact.
Sonnet Digital Audio is a Dutch electronics company led by Lion Kwaaijtaal and Cees Ruijtenberg, known mainly for research into digital-to-analog conversion. Its DACs can set volume by adjusting the reference voltage instead of by digital attenuation, so the signal stays bit-perfect. That lets the Morpheus work as a digital preamplifier, and it pairs especially well with sensitive tube amplifiers. The Pasithea uses eight DACs and has a very low noise floor. The Hermes is a Roon-certified streaming bridge, and the Kratos is a monoblock amplifier built on high-voltage FET transistors.
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What reviewers think

Product Strengths

  • Musical and natural sound, avoiding harshness or fatigue
  • High linearity and a realistic 24-bit dynamic range
  • Bit-perfect volume control by varying reference voltage directly from the DAC chips
  • Roon Ready, easy to set up and use

Product Considerations

  • Does not support DSD playback
  • The I2S input uses an RJ45 connector, not the more common HDMI, limiting cable compatibility
  • Some reviewers would like a sample rate/bit depth display on the front panel
  • Direct-to-amp usage might not sound as good as using a separate preamplifier, depending on the system

Comparisons (according to reviewers)

  • Morpheus offers performance equal to Metrum Acoustics Adagio/Pavane without the heavy casing
  • Morpheus is better than Metrum Acoustics Onyx or Jade, with more options, expansions, and better build
  • Morpheus offers greater apparent resolution and a broader dynamic range than Totaldac d1-tube DAC/Streamer
  • Morpheus is better than Denafrips Pontus with soundstage, timbre, tones, and attack, and no listening fatigue on the Sonnet
  • Hermes and I2S was simply much better in every way than Primare Prisma NP5 Network Player, where music sounded paler, softer, and less exciting

Takeaway: The Morpheus DAC is a great option for audiophiles seeking accurate, natural, and musically pleasing sound. Sonnet designs deliver high quality sound and could convert even the most stubborn digital skeptics.

Video review

About the brand

Sonnet Digital Audio is a Dutch electronics company led by Lion Kwaaijtaal and Cees Ruijtenberg, known mainly for research into digital-to-analog conversion. Its DACs can set volume by adjusting the reference voltage instead of by digital attenuation, so the signal stays bit-perfect. That lets the Morpheus work as a digital preamplifier, and it pairs especially well with sensitive tube amplifiers. The Pasithea uses eight DACs and has a very low noise floor. The Hermes is a Roon-certified streaming bridge, and the Kratos is a monoblock amplifier built on high-voltage FET transistors.
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Morpheus
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LampizatOr
The Big Seven mk3
9840
/
0
Reviews
Our finest achievement to date and perhaps the most unique DAC on the planet. Our statement DAC features an output stage based on directly heated triode tubes (45, 2a3 or 300B) and directly coupled to the DAC chip without a single series component in between. We believe this DAC to be without peers, regardless of price.
Lampizator is a Polish DAC maker, founded in 2010 by Lukasz Fikus, whose nickname gave the company its name, a mix of lampa, the Polish word for a vacuum tube, and the Terminator. Every DAC is tube-based and built by hand to order, and most are designed for tube rolling, so owners change the sound by swapping tube types. The higher models use directly heated triodes, which are notoriously hard to implement. The sound is described as organic and three-dimensional, and owners of older Golden series models can trade them in at full original price.
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Video review

About the brand

Lampizator is a Polish DAC maker, founded in 2010 by Lukasz Fikus, whose nickname gave the company its name, a mix of lampa, the Polish word for a vacuum tube, and the Terminator. Every DAC is tube-based and built by hand to order, and most are designed for tube rolling, so owners change the sound by swapping tube types. The higher models use directly heated triodes, which are notoriously hard to implement. The sound is described as organic and three-dimensional, and owners of older Golden series models can trade them in at full original price.
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Julian Shapiro
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The Big Seven mk3
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Holo Audio
Spring 3
2198
/
5
Reviews
The Spring3 DAC is a full discrete R2R type of audio decoder that does not use off the shelf-DAC chips. This is a bespoke custom-designed core DAC module and represents a breakthrough in DAC technology, featuring trickle down technology from the Flagship May DAC. The Spring3 achieves new heights, new dynamics and delivers a full spectrum of audio to please the aural senses.
Holo Audio is a Chinese maker of R2R ladder DACs, founded by Jeff Zhu. Its converters use discrete resistor ladders instead of a DAC chip, and owners can switch between NOS and oversampling modes to suit their system. Reviewers point to dual-mono layouts and a separate power supply chassis. Inputs include configurable I2S and Holo's own USB interface. The Cyan 2 is the compact entry DAC and the May is the flagship. The Spring 3 converts both PCM and DSD on its ladder, and the Bliss headphone amplifier can drive the HIFIMAN Susvara.
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What reviewers think

Product Strengths

  • Drop-dead gorgeous design aesthetic
  • Music comes alive, offering a real taste of what reference-quality digital audio can sound like
  • Reproduces layers of detail and offers a warm tonal balance, low noise floor, and superb top-to-bottom coherency
  • Soundstage is recreated with excellent depth and width, and the imaging is spot on, with musicians and instruments locked firmly in place
  • Connected to the Unison Research Triode 25 Integrated Amplifier and Linear Tube Audio MZ3, it was one of the best sounding DAC/amplifier combinations heard in many years, undeniably captivating

Product Considerations

  • The display seems half-baked with non-functional bands restricting the functional real estate
  • The remote makes a rattling noise, which some may find disconcerting initially, but is by design
  • Outputs are extremely hot
  • May be overhyped, the sound quality not quite matching up to the hype, or more importantly, matching up to the price tag

Comparisons (according to reviewers)

  • Vs SMSL VMV-D1SE: The Spring 3 has better refinement and more of that airy quality on top
  • Vs Denafrips Pontus 2: The Spring 3 was a little cleaner in the mid-range, with better bass definition and control, but the Denafrips had a warmer—more full-bodied—presentation and deeper soundstage

Takeaway: The Spring 3 KTE is a beautiful DAC that can bring listeners closer to their music. It may be worth buying to experience high-quality digital audio.

Video review

About the brand

Holo Audio is a Chinese maker of R2R ladder DACs, founded by Jeff Zhu. Its converters use discrete resistor ladders instead of a DAC chip, and owners can switch between NOS and oversampling modes to suit their system. Reviewers point to dual-mono layouts and a separate power supply chassis. Inputs include configurable I2S and Holo's own USB interface. The Cyan 2 is the compact entry DAC and the May is the flagship. The Spring 3 converts both PCM and DSD on its ladder, and the Bliss headphone amplifier can drive the HIFIMAN Susvara.
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Julian Shapiro
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Spring 3
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May
4198
/
9
Reviews
The May DAC is here! over 3 years waiting and tremendous R&D to achieve a new level of performance and sound quality that sets a new standard. Ultimate endgame DAC. Natural Analog sound with no compromise. Having the best measurements of NOS R2R Dacs. And delivering our intoxicating sound signature that HoloAudio is known for.
Holo Audio is a Chinese maker of R2R ladder DACs, founded by Jeff Zhu. Its converters use discrete resistor ladders instead of a DAC chip, and owners can switch between NOS and oversampling modes to suit their system. Reviewers point to dual-mono layouts and a separate power supply chassis. Inputs include configurable I2S and Holo's own USB interface. The Cyan 2 is the compact entry DAC and the May is the flagship. The Spring 3 converts both PCM and DSD on its ladder, and the Bliss headphone amplifier can drive the HIFIMAN Susvara.
Expand Details

What reviewers think

Product Strengths

  • Analog-like sound, minimizing digital harshness and glare
  • Exceptional bass performance, providing impactful and controlled low frequencies
  • Holographic image of the musical performance, with great separation between instruments and vocals
  • Smooth, rich, and textured sound
  • PLL may cause delays when locking onto signals from sources via some inputs other than USB, though PLL can be disabled, or USB input can be used

Product Considerations

  • Can be perceived as neutral, and may not provide as immediate 'wow' factor as some DACs
  • Warm-up period needed from cold start to achieve full sound quality

Comparisons (according to reviewers)

  • Compared to Weiss DACs (e.g., 501), the May is richer, more spatial, and has fuller bass/mids—sounding more analog
  • Compared to Denafrips Pontus 15th, the May is wider, deeper, and smoother with more bass impact, and the Pontus is cleaner, crisper, and detailed
  • Compared to aqua acoustic quality La Voce S3 DAC, the May has a blacker background, more musically relevant detail, and refined tonal nuance

Takeaway: The HoloAudio May is a high-performing DAC that brings an analog-like warmth and richness to digital music, and its spacious and detailed sound makes listening more enjoyable. It is a great option for listeners seeking a refined sound with strong bass and natural presentation.

Video review

About the brand

Holo Audio is a Chinese maker of R2R ladder DACs, founded by Jeff Zhu. Its converters use discrete resistor ladders instead of a DAC chip, and owners can switch between NOS and oversampling modes to suit their system. Reviewers point to dual-mono layouts and a separate power supply chassis. Inputs include configurable I2S and Holo's own USB interface. The Cyan 2 is the compact entry DAC and the May is the flagship. The Spring 3 converts both PCM and DSD on its ladder, and the Bliss headphone amplifier can drive the HIFIMAN Susvara.
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Julian Shapiro
ExtremeHiFi Writer
May
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Gustard
DAC-R26
1649
/
8
Reviews
Gustard is a Chinese DAC maker based in Shenzhen that also builds amplifiers, preamplifiers, clocks and music streamers. Its converters put a lot of work into clocking, with femtosecond clocks and custom clock synthesizers to reduce jitter. Gustard uses its own digital filtering on models such as the X26III, and reviewers describe the house sound as smooth and natural. The DAC-X30 uses four ES9039SPRO chips in a quad-mono layout and has network streaming built in, so it needs no separate streamer. The DAC-R26 converts through a discrete R-2R ladder.
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What reviewers think

Product Strengths

  • Natural and organic timbre with rich and vibrant overtones, offering a remarkable sense of realism
  • Stands out as a highly musical DAC within its category, while maintaining an impressively competitive level of technical performance
  • Exceptional build quality, made of thick aluminum, ensuring durability and a sleek appearance
  • Almost inaudible noise floor, remaining dead silent and free from any hint of distortion
  • Wide range of digital inputs, and an integrated streamer, offering versatility and convenience

Product Considerations

  • The LCD screen can be difficult to read from a distance greater than 20-30 cm
  • The embedded streamer can experience occasional interruptions and buffering issues when streaming high-resolution files
  • Some reviewers experienced small hiccups when skipping songs using the internal streamer

Comparisons (according to reviewers)

  • Vs Chord Qutest: Has a bigger soundstage, equally sweet highs, much fuller tone timbre and a more muscly bassline—sounding more lifelike
  • Vs Ladder Schumann: Gustard R26 hits with more clarity and speed, with a darker background, and an even deeper soundstage

Takeaway: The Gustard DAC-R26 is a musical and technically impressive DAC with excellent build quality and versatile features, including a streamer, making it a great choice for a top-notch audio experience. The natural sound and engaging performance create a lasting impression.

Video review

About the brand

Gustard is a Chinese DAC maker based in Shenzhen that also builds amplifiers, preamplifiers, clocks and music streamers. Its converters put a lot of work into clocking, with femtosecond clocks and custom clock synthesizers to reduce jitter. Gustard uses its own digital filtering on models such as the X26III, and reviewers describe the house sound as smooth and natural. The DAC-X30 uses four ES9039SPRO chips in a quad-mono layout and has network streaming built in, so it needs no separate streamer. The DAC-R26 converts through a discrete R-2R ladder.
Website author headshot
Julian Shapiro
ExtremeHiFi Writer
DAC-R26
Product Page
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